AFI 100 Lat... 100 Gwiazd

Katharine Hepburn i Humphrey Bogart zostali uznani w rankingu za „najlepszych aktorów wszech czasów” (na zdjęciu wspólnie na planie filmu Afrykańska królowa; 1951)

AFI’s 100 Years… 100 Starsranking pięćdziesięciu najlepszych aktorów i aktorek w historii kinematografii amerykańskiej, przedstawiony 16 czerwca 1999 przez American Film Institute (AFI) na antenie telewizji CBS w specjalnym, trzygodzinnym programie prowadzonym przez Shirley Temple, z udziałem pięćdziesięciu późniejszych aktorów oraz aktorek (w sumie sto gwiazd filmu). Ranking został opracowany przez osoby z amerykańskiej społeczności filmowej, w tym artystów, historyków i krytyków, którzy wybrali pięćdziesiąt nazwisk z listy dwustu pięćdziesięciu nominowanych aktorów i aktorek, opracowanej przez historyków AFI[1].

Na liście występują gwiazdy, które:

  • debiutowały przed 1950[1]
  • debiutowały po 1950 ale zmarły przed dniem ogłoszenia listy, co pozwala ocenić cały ich dorobek[1]

Z gwiazd, które znalazły się na liście żyje aktualnie Sophia Loren. W chwili ogłoszenia rankingu żyli jeszcze: Elizabeth Taylor (zm. 2011), Gregory Peck (zm. 2003), Katharine Hepburn (zm. 2003), Kirk Douglas (zm. 2020), Lauren Bacall (zm. 2015), Marlon Brando (zm. 2004), Shirley Temple (zm. 2014) i Sidney Poitier (zm. 2022). Jedynymi z listy debiutującymi po 1950 byli Grace Kelly (zm. 1982) i James Dean (zm. 1955)[1].

Ranking

NrMężczyźniKobiety
1Humphrey Bogart
(1899–1957)
Humphrey Bogart 1940.jpgKatharine Hepburn
(1907–2003)
Katharine Hepburn promo pic.jpg
2Cary Grant
(1904–1986)
Cary Grant 1940s publicity photo.jpgBette Davis
(1908–1989)
Bette Davis - Photoplay, June 1938.jpg
3James Stewart
(1908–1997)
Annex - Stewart, James (Call Northside 777) 01.jpgAudrey Hepburn
(1929–1993)
Audrey Hepburn 1956.jpg
4Marlon Brando
(1924–2004)
Marlon Brando in The Men.jpgIngrid Bergman
(1915–1982)
Ingrid Bergman, Gaslight 1944.jpg
5Fred Astaire
(1899–1987)
Astaire, Fred - Never Get Rich.jpgGreta Garbo
(1905–1990)
Garbo Publicity 1930s.jpg
6Henry Fonda
(1905–1982)
Henry Fonda, 1940.jpgMarilyn Monroe
(1926–1962)
Monroe 1953 publicity.jpg
7Clark Gable
(1901–1960)
Gable, Clark 01.jpgElizabeth Taylor
(1932–2011)
Studio publicity Elizabeth Taylor.jpg
8James Cagney
(1899–1986)
James cagney promo photo.jpgJudy Garland
(1922–1969)
Judy Garland 1943 publicity photo.jpg
9Spencer Tracy
(1900–1967)
Spencer tracy state of the union.jpgMarlene Dietrich
(1901–1992)
Marlene-Dietrich-1936.jpg
10Charlie Chaplin
(1889–1977)
Charlie Chaplin portrait.jpgJoan Crawford
(1905–1977)
Joan Crawford in Humoresque, 1946.jpg
11Gary Cooper
(1901–1961)
Gary Cooper 1936.jpgBarbara Stanwyck
(1907–1990)
BarbaraS39.jpg
12Gregory Peck
(1916–2003)
Gregory Peck 1948.jpgClaudette Colbert
(1903–1996)
Claudette Colbert in The Misleading Lady.jpg
13John Wayne
(1907–1979)
John Wayne 1940.jpgGrace Kelly
(1929–1982)
Grace Kelly MGM photo.jpg
14Laurence Olivier
(1907–1989)
Laurence Olivier - portrait.JPGGinger Rogers
(1911–1995)
Ginger Rogers - Tender Comrade.jpg
15Gene Kelly
(1912–1996)
Gene kelly.jpgMae West
(1893–1980)
Mae West LAT.jpg
16Orson Welles
(1915–1985)
Orson-Welles-Show-1941.jpgVivien Leigh
(1913–1967)
Vivien Leigh Scarlet.jpg
17Kirk Douglas
(1916–2020)
Kirk douglas photo signed.JPGLillian Gish
(1893–1993)
Lillian Gish-edit1.jpg
18James Dean
(1931–1955)
James Dean - publicity - early.JPGShirley Temple
(1928–2014)
Shirley Temple 1949.jpg
19Burt Lancaster
(1913–1994)
Burt Lancaster - publicity 1947.JPGRita Hayworth
(1918–1987)
Rita Hayworth-publicity.JPG
20Bracia Marx
Chico (1887–1961)
Harpo (1888–1964)
Groucho (1890–1977)
Gummo (1892–1977)
Zeppo (1901–1979)
Marx Brothers 1931.jpgLauren Bacall
(1924–2014)
Lauren Bacall 1945 press photo.jpg
21Buster Keaton
(1895–1966)
Busterkeaton edit.jpgSophia Loren
(urodzona w 1934)
Sophia Loren 1962.jpg
22Sidney Poitier
(1927–2022)
Sidney Poitier 1968.jpgJean Harlow
(1911–1937)
Harlow-publicity.jpg
23Robert Mitchum
(1917–1997)
Robert Mitchum 1949 (no signature).jpgCarole Lombard
(1908–1942)
Carole Lombard - Paramount.JPG
24Edward G. Robinson
(1893–1973)
Edward G. Robinson 1948.jpgMary Pickford
(1892–1979)
Mary Pickford cph.3c17995u.jpg
25William Holden
(1918–1981)
Holden-portrait.jpgAva Gardner
(1922–1990)
Ava Gardner Show Boat 1951.jpg

Lista aktorów prezentujących ranking

Opracowano na podstawie materiału źródłowego[1]:

Przypisy

  1. a b c d e American Film Institute: Afi’s 50 Greatest American Screen Legends. American Film Institute. [dostęp 2019-08-08]. [zarchiwizowane z tego adresu (2012-05-26)]. (ang.).

Linki zewnętrzne

Media użyte na tej stronie

Harlow-publicity.jpg
Publicity photo of Jean Harlow. See also: film still
James Dean - publicity - early.JPG
Publicity photo of James Dean
John Wayne 1940.jpg
Photo of John Wayne from the 1940 film The Long Voyage Home.
Studio publicity Elizabeth Taylor.jpg
Promotional photograph of actor Elizabeth Taylor (1950
Judy Garland 1943 publicity photo.jpg
Publicity photograph of Judy Garland used to promote the film Presenting Lily Mars, an MGM production.
Busterkeaton edit.jpg
Buster Keaton, undated
Monroe 1953 publicity.jpg
Publicity photo of Marilyn Monroe. Possibly for film Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953) which came out that year by 20th Century and shows her with the same hair style and similar earrings.
Cary Grant 1940s publicity photo.jpg
Publicity Photo of actor Cary Grant, 1940s
Ginger Rogers - Tender Comrade.jpg
Ginger Rogers in Tender Comrade, 1943.
Annex - Stewart, James (Call Northside 777) 01.jpg
Studio publicity photo of James Stewart.
Burt Lancaster - publicity 1947.JPG
Original studio publicity photo of Burt Lancaster for the film Desert Fury (1947).
Garbo Publicity 1930s.jpg
Publicity Photo of Greta Garbo, 1930s.
Ingrid Bergman, Gaslight 1944.jpg
Press release publicity photo of Ingrid Bergman for film Gaslight (1944). Cropped from original upload of File:Ingrid Bergman - Gaslight 44.jpg ([1]). A few minor blemishes have been removed, but otherwise the image is unchanged from the original.
Mary Pickford cph.3c17995u.jpg
Mary Pickford, head-and-shoulders portrait, facing front / Moody, N.Y.
Sophia Loren 1962.jpg
Sophia Loren durante as gravações do filme "A Queda do Império Romano".
Sidney Poitier 1968.jpg
Sidney Poitier in For Love of Ivy, 1968.
Marlene-Dietrich-1936.jpg
Publicity photo of Marlene Dietrich for Paramount Pictures, 1936.
Bette Davis - Photoplay, June 1938.jpg
Portrait of Bette Davis by George Hurrell
Humphrey Bogart 1940.jpg
Photo of Humphrey Bogart. The release at back says this was a new photo of him from the upcoming film Brother Orchid.
Ava Gardner Show Boat 1951.jpg
Photo of Ava Gardner from her role in Show Boat.
BarbaraS39.jpg
Publicity photo of Barbara Stanwyck
Shirley Temple 1949.jpg
Shirley Temple in Mr. Belvedere Goes to College (1949). Courtesy of 20th Century Fox.
Katharine Hepburn promo pic.jpg
  • Studio publicity photograph of Katharine Hepburn. The full image, seen here, includes a stock number, the name of the studio, and the name of the subject - confirming that this was a promotional image.
  • Such images were taken by a studio photographer, and then disseminated to the media and the public for the purpose of promoting their contract stars.

Public domain explanation

  • If the photograph was copyrighted, under the terms of the 1909 Copyright Act this copyright would have had to be renewed 28 years after publication. A search for copyright renewal records of 1968 ([1], [2]) 1969 ([3], [4]) and 1970 ([5],[6]) reveal no trace that this occurred.
  • This was a common occurrence for studio publicity images, as explained by Eve Light Honthaner, in The Complete Film Production Handbook (Focal Press, 2001), p. 211: "Publicity photos (star headshots) have traditionally not been copyrighted. Since they are disseminated to the public, they are generally considered public domain, and therefore clearance by the studio that produced them is not necessary."
James cagney promo photo.jpg
Studio publicity photo of actor James Cagney.
Kirk douglas photo signed.JPG
Publicity photo of Kirk Douglas. Original upload has signature. Seller states on their listing that there is nothing printed on the reverse side. See also: film still for copyright information.
Gene kelly.jpg
Promotional photograph of actor Gene Kelly.
Gable, Clark 01.jpg
Studio publicity photo of Clark Gable.
Lauren Bacall 1945 press photo.jpg
Photo of Lauren Bacall, 1945 for Swedish press
Hepburn bogart african queen.png
Publicity still for the 1951 film The African Queen, featuring Katharine Hepburn and Humphrey Bogart. The colour blanace here has been slightly changed from the original (which can be seen by clicking the source link below).
Astaire, Fred - Never Get Rich.jpg
Studio publicity portrait for film You'll Never Get Rich (1941).
Rita Hayworth-publicity.JPG
Original publicity portrait of Rita Hayworth from the film Down to Earth (1947)
Marx Brothers 1931.jpg
The Marx Brothers, head-and-shoulders portrait, facing front. Top to bottom: Chico, Harpo, Groucho and Zeppo.
Gary Cooper 1936.jpg
Gary Cooper publicity photo for the film Morocco, 1936
Mae West LAT.jpg
News photo of Mae West, likely candid, taken by L.A. Times as part of news story. Reprinted in book High Exposure, "Found Photos from the Archives of the L.A. Times."
Spencer tracy state of the union.jpg
Publicity portrait of Spencer Tracy for State of the Union (1948). Such images were taken by a studio photographer, and then disseminated to the media and the public to promote the film (see Film still).
Claudette Colbert in The Misleading Lady.jpg
Claudette Colbert for The Misleading Lady in 1932. Courtesy of Paramount Pictures.
Marlon Brando in The Men.jpg
Marlon Brando in The Men, 1950.
Holden-portrait.jpg
Studio publicity portrait for film Sabrina.
Gregory Peck 1948.jpg
Publicity photo of Gregory Peck.
Edward G. Robinson 1948.jpg
Edward G. Robinson in All My Sons, 1948.
Grace Kelly MGM photo.jpg
Photo of Grace Kelly.
Laurence Olivier - portrait.JPG
Original studio publicity photo of Laurence Olivier. See also: film still article.
Vivien Leigh Scarlet.jpg

Photo of actress Vivien Leigh as Scarlet O'Hara.

  • Note that this is a larger copy of the picture printed in the magazine.
  • A search for renewals was done in publications for the years 1968 and 1969. There were no listings for this magazine's title; The only listing with "Hollywood" in the title was for Hollywood Patterns, published by a different company, Conde-Nast. There's no evidence of continuing copyright for the magazine.
Orson-Welles-Show-1941.jpg
Portrait photograph of Orson Welles, promoting the premiere broadcast of Orson Welles and his Mercury Theater (Orson Welles Show) September 15, 1941, on CBS Radio
Lillian Gish-edit1.jpg
Actress Lillian Gish
Carole Lombard - Paramount.JPG
Publicity photo of Carole Lombard
Henry Fonda, 1940.jpg
Henry Fonda in Lillian Russell, 1940
Joan Crawford in Humoresque, 1946.jpg
Joan Crawford in a publicity photo for Humoresque (1946)