AFI 100 Lat... 100 Gwiazd
AFI’s 100 Years… 100 Stars – ranking pięćdziesięciu najlepszych aktorów i aktorek w historii kinematografii amerykańskiej, przedstawiony 16 czerwca 1999 przez American Film Institute (AFI) na antenie telewizji CBS w specjalnym, trzygodzinnym programie prowadzonym przez Shirley Temple, z udziałem pięćdziesięciu późniejszych aktorów oraz aktorek (w sumie sto gwiazd filmu). Ranking został opracowany przez osoby z amerykańskiej społeczności filmowej, w tym artystów, historyków i krytyków, którzy wybrali pięćdziesiąt nazwisk z listy dwustu pięćdziesięciu nominowanych aktorów i aktorek, opracowanej przez historyków AFI[1].
Na liście występują gwiazdy, które:
- debiutowały przed 1950[1]
- debiutowały po 1950 ale zmarły przed dniem ogłoszenia listy, co pozwala ocenić cały ich dorobek[1]
Z gwiazd, które znalazły się na liście żyje aktualnie Sophia Loren. W chwili ogłoszenia rankingu żyli jeszcze: Elizabeth Taylor (zm. 2011), Gregory Peck (zm. 2003), Katharine Hepburn (zm. 2003), Kirk Douglas (zm. 2020), Lauren Bacall (zm. 2015), Marlon Brando (zm. 2004), Shirley Temple (zm. 2014) i Sidney Poitier (zm. 2022). Jedynymi z listy debiutującymi po 1950 byli Grace Kelly (zm. 1982) i James Dean (zm. 1955)[1].
Ranking
Lista aktorów prezentujących ranking
Opracowano na podstawie materiału źródłowego[1]:
- Kevin Bacon
- Alec Baldwin
- Jacqueline Bisset
- Ernest Borgnine
- James Caan
- Jim Carrey
- Chevy Chase
- Cher
- Kevin Costner
- Billy Crystal
- Claire Danes
- Geena Davis
- Laura Dern
- Matt Dillon
- Richard Dreyfuss
- Clint Eastwood
- Mia Farrow
- Bridget Fonda
- Peter Fonda
- Morgan Freeman
- Teri Garr
- Whoopi Goldberg
- Jeff Goldblum
- Woody Harrelson
- Richard Harris
- Goldie Hawn
- Gregory Hines
- Dustin Hoffman
- Angelina Jolie
- Michael Keaton
- Martin Landau
- Jessica Lange
- Shirley MacLaine
- Marsha Mason
- Marlee Matlin
- Mike Myers
- Edward Norton
- Edward James Olmos
- Miss Piggy
- Lynn Redgrave
- Julia Roberts
- Gena Rowlands
- Kevin Spacey
- Sylvester Stallone
- Rod Steiger
- Sharon Stone
- Barbra Streisand
- Billy Bob Thornton
- Lily Tomlin
- Emily Watson
- James Woods
Przypisy
- ↑ a b c d e American Film Institute: Afi’s 50 Greatest American Screen Legends. American Film Institute. [dostęp 2019-08-08]. [zarchiwizowane z tego adresu (2012-05-26)]. (ang.).
Linki zewnętrzne
- Ranking. afi.com. [zarchiwizowane z tego adresu (2019-02-22)]. na stronie American Film Institute (ang.)
Media użyte na tej stronie
Publicity photo of James Dean
Photo of John Wayne from the 1940 film The Long Voyage Home.
Publicity photograph of Judy Garland used to promote the film Presenting Lily Mars, an MGM production.
Buster Keaton, undated
Publicity photo of Marilyn Monroe. Possibly for film Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953) which came out that year by 20th Century and shows her with the same hair style and similar earrings.
Publicity Photo of actor Cary Grant, 1940s
Ginger Rogers in Tender Comrade, 1943.
Studio publicity photo of James Stewart.
Original studio publicity photo of Burt Lancaster for the film Desert Fury (1947).
Publicity Photo of Greta Garbo, 1930s.
Press release publicity photo of Ingrid Bergman for film Gaslight (1944). Cropped from original upload of File:Ingrid Bergman - Gaslight 44.jpg ([1]). A few minor blemishes have been removed, but otherwise the image is unchanged from the original.
Mary Pickford, head-and-shoulders portrait, facing front / Moody, N.Y.
Sophia Loren durante as gravações do filme "A Queda do Império Romano".
Sidney Poitier in For Love of Ivy, 1968.
Publicity photo of Marlene Dietrich for Paramount Pictures, 1936.
Portrait of Bette Davis by George Hurrell
Photo of Humphrey Bogart. The release at back says this was a new photo of him from the upcoming film Brother Orchid.
Photo of Ava Gardner from her role in Show Boat.
Publicity photo of Barbara Stanwyck
Shirley Temple in Mr. Belvedere Goes to College (1949). Courtesy of 20th Century Fox.
- Studio publicity photograph of Katharine Hepburn. The full image, seen here, includes a stock number, the name of the studio, and the name of the subject - confirming that this was a promotional image.
- Such images were taken by a studio photographer, and then disseminated to the media and the public for the purpose of promoting their contract stars.
Public domain explanation
- If the photograph was copyrighted, under the terms of the 1909 Copyright Act this copyright would have had to be renewed 28 years after publication. A search for copyright renewal records of 1968 ([1], [2]) 1969 ([3], [4]) and 1970 ([5],[6]) reveal no trace that this occurred.
- This was a common occurrence for studio publicity images, as explained by Eve Light Honthaner, in The Complete Film Production Handbook (Focal Press, 2001), p. 211: "Publicity photos (star headshots) have traditionally not been copyrighted. Since they are disseminated to the public, they are generally considered public domain, and therefore clearance by the studio that produced them is not necessary."
Publicity photo of Kirk Douglas. Original upload has signature. Seller states on their listing that there is nothing printed on the reverse side. See also: film still for copyright information.
Promotional photograph of actor Gene Kelly.
Studio publicity photo of Clark Gable.
Photo of Lauren Bacall, 1945 for Swedish press
Publicity still for the 1951 film The African Queen, featuring Katharine Hepburn and Humphrey Bogart. The colour blanace here has been slightly changed from the original (which can be seen by clicking the source link below).
Original publicity portrait of Rita Hayworth from the film Down to Earth (1947)
The Marx Brothers, head-and-shoulders portrait, facing front. Top to bottom: Chico, Harpo, Groucho and Zeppo.
Gary Cooper publicity photo for the film Morocco, 1936
News photo of Mae West, likely candid, taken by L.A. Times as part of news story. Reprinted in book High Exposure, "Found Photos from the Archives of the L.A. Times."
Publicity portrait of Spencer Tracy for State of the Union (1948). Such images were taken by a studio photographer, and then disseminated to the media and the public to promote the film (see Film still).
Claudette Colbert for The Misleading Lady in 1932. Courtesy of Paramount Pictures.
Marlon Brando in The Men, 1950.
Studio publicity portrait for film Sabrina.
Publicity photo of Gregory Peck.
Edward G. Robinson in All My Sons, 1948.
Photo of Grace Kelly.
Photo of Robert Mitchum.
Original studio publicity photo of Laurence Olivier. See also: film still article.
Photo of actress Vivien Leigh as Scarlet O'Hara.
- Note that this is a larger copy of the picture printed in the magazine.
- A search for renewals was done in publications for the years 1968 and 1969. There were no listings for this magazine's title; The only listing with "Hollywood" in the title was for Hollywood Patterns, published by a different company, Conde-Nast. There's no evidence of continuing copyright for the magazine.
Portrait photograph of Orson Welles, promoting the premiere broadcast of Orson Welles and his Mercury Theater (Orson Welles Show) September 15, 1941, on CBS Radio
Actress Lillian Gish
Publicity photo of Carole Lombard
Henry Fonda in Lillian Russell, 1940
Joan Crawford in a publicity photo for Humoresque (1946)