Bopomofo

Bopomofo, właściwie zhuyin fuhao (chiń. trad. 注音符號, chiń. upr. 注音符号, pinyin: zhùyīn fúhào), czyli „znaki do zapisywania dźwięków” lub zhuyin zimu (chiń. trad. i chiń. upr. 注音字母, pinyin: zhùyīn zìmǔ), czyli „litery opisujące dźwięki” – oparte na piśmie chińskim pismo fonetyczne służące do zapisywania wymowy znaków języka chińskiego, stosowane zwłaszcza do zapisu wymowy tzw. dialektów chińskich (faktycznie: języków chińskich, różnych od urzędowego, standardowego języka mandaryńskiego) oraz niechińskich języków Chin. Alternatywna nazwa bopomofo pochodzi od nazw pierwszych czterech znaków tego systemu pisma (ㄅ ㄆ ㄇ ㄈ, pinyin: bōpōmōfō).

Historia

System został opracowany w latach 1912–1913 przez komisję ds. reform językowych, w której zasiadał m.in. Wu Zhihui[1]. Oficjalnie wprowadzony w Republice Chińskiej w 1930. Po utworzeniu Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej system bopomofo został zarzucony na rzecz nowego pinyin. Bopomofo jest jednak do dziś używane na Tajwanie, gdzie jest nauczane w szkołach[2].

Charakterystyka

Znaki bopomofo z oznaczoną kolejnością stawiania kresek: 1) czerwona 2) zielona 3) niebieska.

Nie jest to system ani w pełni alfabetyczny, ani w pełni sylabiczny, trudno go też jednoznacznie zaliczyć do systemów alfabetyczno-sylabicznych, klasyfikuje się go więc czasem jako system półalfabetyczny. Dzieli on sylabę chińską (podstawową jednostkę morfologiczną języka chińskiego) na spółgłoskę inicjalną (inicjal) I (np. b, zh), półsamogłoskę medialną (medial) M (i, u lub ü) oraz tzw. final F, czyli resztę sylaby (samogłoskę, dwugłoskę, samogłoskę ze spółgłoską itp. np. a, ou, eng). Dla dopełnienia sylaby obowiązkowy jest zapis tonu.

Sylaba może mieć postać F, M, MF, I, IF, IM, IMF. Niektórych dźwięków finalnych nie zapisuje się wcale – np. nie zapisuje się dźwięku zapisywanego w pinyin literą „i” po z, c, s, zh, ch, sh lub r, stąd możliwy zapis sylaby jako samego inicjalu.

W systemie rozszerzonym istnieją jeszcze znaki specjalne do zapisu większej liczby tonów oraz znaki do zapisu dźwięków obcych językowi chińskiemu mandaryńskiemu, lecz występujące w innych językach chińskich oraz w językach mniejszości narodowych, np. inicjale 万 (v), 兀 (ng), 广 (gn = ń), final -Em, końcowe spółgłoski -p, -t, -k itp.

Typowy układ klawiatury wykorzystującej zhuyin fuhao

Tabela

zhǔyīnpīnyīnIPA zhǔyīnpīnyīnIPA zhǔyīnpīnyīnIPA zhǔyīnpīnyīnIPA
Nagłosy (聲母 shēngmǔ)
b p mm ff
d t nn ll
g k hx    
jʥ̥ qʨʰ xɕ yj
zhɖʐ̥ chʈʂʰ shʂ rʐ
zʣ̥ cʦʰ ss ww
Końcówki (韻母 yùnmǔ)
aa oo eɤ êɛ
aiai eiei aoaʊ ouou
anan enǝn angɑŋ engǝŋ
üy ii uu erɚ
  • Tony (聲調 shēngdiào)
    • 1: nic (pinyin: ˉ)
    • 2: ˊ (pinyin: ˊ)
    • 3: ˇ (pinyin: ˇ)
    • 4: ˋ (pinyin: ˋ)
    • 5: ・ (pinyin: nic)

Pochodzenie znaków

Znaki zhuyin fuhao zaprojektował Zhang Binglin i pochodzą głównie z dawnych form lub form odręcznych znaków chińskich bądź z części niektórych współczesnych znaków, które zawierają dany dla znaku bopomofo dźwięk.

Pochodzenie znaków bopomofo
ZhuyinPochodzenie
bZe znaku 勹, górnej części 包 bāo
pZe znaku 攵, części składowej 攴
mZe znaku 冂, dawnej formy 冖
fZe znaku 匚 fāng
dZ dawnej formy znaku 刀 dāo
tZe znaku 𠫓 widzianego na górze znaku 充
nZe znaku 𠄎, dawnej formy 乃 nǎi
lForma kaligraficzna znaku 力
gZ zarzuconego znaku 巜 guài 'rzeka'
kZe znaku 丂 kǎo
hZe znaku 厂 hàn
jZ dawnego znaku 丩 jiū
qZ dawnego znaku ㄑ quǎn, podstawy znaku 巛 chuān (dzisiaj 川)
xZe znaku 丅, formy pieczęciowej 下 xià.
zhZe znaku 㞢, dawnej formy 之 zhī.
chZ 彳 chì
shZe znaku 尸 shī
rSemikursywna forma znaku 日
zZ wariantu znaku 卩 jié, dialektowo zié
cWariant znaku 七 qī, dialektowo ciī
sZe starszego znaku 厶 sī, który został zastąpiony przez 私 sī.
i, yZe znaku 一
u, wZe znaku 㐅, dawnej formy 五
ü, yu, iuZ dawnego znaku 凵 , który stał się elementem niektórych znaków
aZe znaku 丫
oZ nieużywanego obecnie znaku 𠀀 , odwróconego 丂 kǎo, który jest teraz częścią fonetyczną znaku 可 [3].
eZapożyczony z allofonu w standardowym mandaryńskim, ㄛ o
e, ehZe znaku 也 .
aihài, dawna forma 亥.
eiZe znaku 乁 yí, nieistniejącego obecnie, który ma obecnie znaczenie 移 "poruszać się".
aoZe znaku 幺 yāo
ouZe znaku 又 yòu
anZ zarzuconego znaku ㄢ hàn "kwitnąć", zachowanego jako element fonetyczny 犯 fàn
enZe znaku 乚 yǐn
angZe znaku 尢 wāng
engZe znaku 厶, obecnie będącego częścią znaku 厷 gōng
erZe znaku 儿, dolnej części znaku 兒 ér używanego jako forma pisma odręcznego
ih(MoeKai Bopomofo U+312D.svg, odwrócony znak ㄓ) Być może ze znaku 市, w dodatku do ㄓ. Reprezentuje głoskę zapisywaną jako "-i" w hanyu pinyin dla znaków ㄓ, ㄔ, ㄕ, ㄖ, ㄗ, ㄘ, ㄙ.

Kolejność stawiania kresek

Kolejność stawiania kresek jest podobna do tej w piśmie chińskim, ale znaki ㄓ czy ㄖ pisane są trzema kreskami.

Przykład użycia

王之渙 《登鸛雀樓》(Wáng Zhīhuàn, Dēng Guànquè Lóu)

Znaki chińskieZhuyin fuhaoHanyu pinyin
白日依山盡
黃河入海流
欲窮千里目
更上一層樓
ㄅㄞˊ ㄖˋ 一 ㄕㄢ ㄐ一ㄣˋ
ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄏㄜˊ ㄖㄨˋ ㄏㄞˇ ㄌ一ㄡˊ
ㄩˋ ㄑㄩㄥˊ ㄑ一ㄢ ㄌ一ˇ ㄇㄨˋ
ㄍㄥˋ ㄕㄤˋ 一ˋ ㄘㄥˊ ㄌㄡˊ
bái rì yī shān jìn
huáng hé rù hǎi liú
yù qióng qiān lǐ mù
gèng shàng yì céng lóu

Użycie bopomofo jako transkrypcji fonetycznej

Znaki bopomofo pisze się po prawej stronie znaków chińskich w piśmie pionowym



ㄥˊ

albo nad znakami chińskimi w piśmie poziomym.

ㄆㄧㄥˊㄗ˙

Przypisy

  1. Peter Gue Zarrow, Anarchism and Chinese Political Culture, New York: Columbia University Press, 1990, ISBN 0-231-07138-8.
  2. Minglang Zhou, Hongkai Sun: Language policy in the People's Republic of China: theory and practice since 1949. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004, s. 22, seria: Language policy. ISBN 978-1-4020-8038-8.
  3. Dane Unihan dla U+ 20000

Media użyte na tej stronie

Keyboard layout Zhuyin.svg
Autor: Sakurambo, Licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0
Keyboard layout for Zhuyin input method utilizing Bopomofo characters displayed on the keys.
Bopomofo.png
Autor: made by me, M4RC0, Licencja: CC BY-SA 2.0
Stroke order of the Bopomofos. using Photoshop. We are making this kind of picture following the protocole of the section : Commons:CJK stroke order:Tutorials
contains only 37 characters U+3105 to U+3129   (U+312A to U+312D are not drawn)
ㄆ-bw.png
Autor: See user in the "File history" section., Licencja: CC BY 3.0
This ㄆ-bw.png image depicting the stroke order of the character ㄆ in bw.png style.
This image is part of the Commons:Stroke Order Project(zh-de-ja), a project to create a complete set of images depicting the right stroke order (Protocols).
The 214 Kangxi radicals have been completed by hand. The next goal is to complete the missing animations from the page: GIF_progress. Help is welcome, on this link are the official guidelines.
ㄔ-bw.png
Autor: See user in the "File history" section., Licencja: CC BY 3.0
This ㄔ-bw.png image depicting the stroke order of the character ㄔ in bw.png style.
This image is part of the Commons:Stroke Order Project(zh-de-ja), a project to create a complete set of images depicting the right stroke order (Protocols).
The 214 Kangxi radicals have been completed by hand. The next goal is to complete the missing animations from the page: GIF_progress. Help is welcome, on this link are the official guidelines.
ㄋ-bw.png
Autor: See user in the "File history" section., Licencja: CC BY 3.0
This ㄋ-bw.png image depicting the stroke order of the character ㄋ in bw.png style.
This image is part of the Commons:Stroke Order Project(zh-de-ja), a project to create a complete set of images depicting the right stroke order (Protocols).
The 214 Kangxi radicals have been completed by hand. The next goal is to complete the missing animations from the page: GIF_progress. Help is welcome, on this link are the official guidelines.
ㄛ-bw.png
Autor: See user in the "File history" section., Licencja: CC BY 3.0
This ㄛ-bw.png image depicting the stroke order of the character ㄛ in bw.png style.
This image is part of the Commons:Stroke Order Project(zh-de-ja), a project to create a complete set of images depicting the right stroke order (Protocols).
The 214 Kangxi radicals have been completed by hand. The next goal is to complete the missing animations from the page: GIF_progress. Help is welcome, on this link are the official guidelines.
ㄟ-bw.png
Autor: See user in the "File history" section., Licencja: CC BY 3.0
This ㄟ-bw.png image depicting the stroke order of the character ㄟ in bw.png style.
This image is part of the Commons:Stroke Order Project(zh-de-ja), a project to create a complete set of images depicting the right stroke order (Protocols).
The 214 Kangxi radicals have been completed by hand. The next goal is to complete the missing animations from the page: GIF_progress. Help is welcome, on this link are the official guidelines.
ㄨ-bw.png
Autor: See user in the "File history" section., Licencja: CC BY 3.0
This ㄨ-bw.png image depicting the stroke order of the character ㄨ in bw.png style.
This image is part of the Commons:Stroke Order Project(zh-de-ja), a project to create a complete set of images depicting the right stroke order (Protocols).
The 214 Kangxi radicals have been completed by hand. The next goal is to complete the missing animations from the page: GIF_progress. Help is welcome, on this link are the official guidelines.
ㄎ-bw.png
Autor: See user in the "File history" section., Licencja: CC BY 3.0
This ㄎ-bw.png image depicting the stroke order of the character ㄎ in bw.png style.
This image is part of the Commons:Stroke Order Project(zh-de-ja), a project to create a complete set of images depicting the right stroke order (Protocols).
The 214 Kangxi radicals have been completed by hand. The next goal is to complete the missing animations from the page: GIF_progress. Help is welcome, on this link are the official guidelines.
ㄗ-bw.png
Autor: See user in the "File history" section., Licencja: CC BY 3.0
This ㄗ-bw.png image depicting the stroke order of the character ㄗ in bw.png style.
This image is part of the Commons:Stroke Order Project(zh-de-ja), a project to create a complete set of images depicting the right stroke order (Protocols).
The 214 Kangxi radicals have been completed by hand. The next goal is to complete the missing animations from the page: GIF_progress. Help is welcome, on this link are the official guidelines.
ㄢ-bw.png
Autor: See user in the "File history" section., Licencja: CC BY 3.0
This ㄢ-bw.png image depicting the stroke order of the character ㄢ in bw.png style.
This image is part of the Commons:Stroke Order Project(zh-de-ja), a project to create a complete set of images depicting the right stroke order (Protocols).
The 214 Kangxi radicals have been completed by hand. The next goal is to complete the missing animations from the page: GIF_progress. Help is welcome, on this link are the official guidelines.
RomanA-01.svg
This image can't have copyright.
ㄡ-bw.png
Autor: See user in the "File history" section., Licencja: CC BY 3.0
This ㄡ-bw.png image depicting the stroke order of the character ㄡ in bw.png style.
This image is part of the Commons:Stroke Order Project(zh-de-ja), a project to create a complete set of images depicting the right stroke order (Protocols).
The 214 Kangxi radicals have been completed by hand. The next goal is to complete the missing animations from the page: GIF_progress. Help is welcome, on this link are the official guidelines.
ㄠ-bw.png
Autor: See user in the "File history" section., Licencja: CC BY 3.0
This ㄠ-bw.png image depicting the stroke order of the character ㄠ in bw.png style.
This image is part of the Commons:Stroke Order Project(zh-de-ja), a project to create a complete set of images depicting the right stroke order (Protocols).
The 214 Kangxi radicals have been completed by hand. The next goal is to complete the missing animations from the page: GIF_progress. Help is welcome, on this link are the official guidelines.
ㄤ-bw.png
Autor: See user in the "File history" section., Licencja: CC BY 3.0
This ㄤ-bw.png image depicting the stroke order of the character ㄤ in bw.png style.
This image is part of the Commons:Stroke Order Project(zh-de-ja), a project to create a complete set of images depicting the right stroke order (Protocols).
The 214 Kangxi radicals have been completed by hand. The next goal is to complete the missing animations from the page: GIF_progress. Help is welcome, on this link are the official guidelines.
ㄌ-bw.png
Autor: See user in the "File history" section., Licencja: CC BY 3.0
This ㄌ-bw.png image depicting the stroke order of the character ㄌ in bw.png style.
This image is part of the Commons:Stroke Order Project(zh-de-ja), a project to create a complete set of images depicting the right stroke order (Protocols).
The 214 Kangxi radicals have been completed by hand. The next goal is to complete the missing animations from the page: GIF_progress. Help is welcome, on this link are the official guidelines.
ㄑ-bw.png
Autor: See user in the "File history" section., Licencja: CC BY 3.0
This ㄑ-bw.png image depicting the stroke order of the character ㄑ in bw.png style.
This image is part of the Commons:Stroke Order Project(zh-de-ja), a project to create a complete set of images depicting the right stroke order (Protocols).
The 214 Kangxi radicals have been completed by hand. The next goal is to complete the missing animations from the page: GIF_progress. Help is welcome, on this link are the official guidelines.
ㄒ-bw.png
Autor: See user in the "File history" section., Licencja: CC BY 3.0
This ㄒ-bw.png image depicting the stroke order of the character ㄒ in bw.png style.
This image is part of the Commons:Stroke Order Project(zh-de-ja), a project to create a complete set of images depicting the right stroke order (Protocols).
The 214 Kangxi radicals have been completed by hand. The next goal is to complete the missing animations from the page: GIF_progress. Help is welcome, on this link are the official guidelines.
ㄘ-bw.png
Autor: See user in the "File history" section., Licencja: CC BY 3.0
This ㄘ-bw.png image depicting the stroke order of the character ㄘ in bw.png style.
This image is part of the Commons:Stroke Order Project(zh-de-ja), a project to create a complete set of images depicting the right stroke order (Protocols).
The 214 Kangxi radicals have been completed by hand. The next goal is to complete the missing animations from the page: GIF_progress. Help is welcome, on this link are the official guidelines.
ㄉ-bw.png
Autor: See user in the "File history" section., Licencja: CC BY 3.0
This ㄉ-bw.png image depicting the stroke order of the character ㄉ in bw.png style.
This image is part of the Commons:Stroke Order Project(zh-de-ja), a project to create a complete set of images depicting the right stroke order (Protocols).
The 214 Kangxi radicals have been completed by hand. The next goal is to complete the missing animations from the page: GIF_progress. Help is welcome, on this link are the official guidelines.
ㄍ-bw.png
Autor: See user in the "File history" section., Licencja: CC BY 3.0
This ㄍ-bw.png image depicting the stroke order of the character ㄍ in bw.png style.
This image is part of the Commons:Stroke Order Project(zh-de-ja), a project to create a complete set of images depicting the right stroke order (Protocols).
The 214 Kangxi radicals have been completed by hand. The next goal is to complete the missing animations from the page: GIF_progress. Help is welcome, on this link are the official guidelines.
ㄦ-bw.png
Autor: See user in the "File history" section., Licencja: CC BY 3.0
This ㄦ-bw.png image depicting the stroke order of the character ㄦ in bw.png style.
This image is part of the Commons:Stroke Order Project(zh-de-ja), a project to create a complete set of images depicting the right stroke order (Protocols).
The 214 Kangxi radicals have been completed by hand. The next goal is to complete the missing animations from the page: GIF_progress. Help is welcome, on this link are the official guidelines.
ㄓ-bw.png
Autor: See user in the "File history" section., Licencja: CC BY 3.0
This ㄓ-bw.png image depicting the stroke order of the character ㄓ in bw.png style.
This image is part of the Commons:Stroke Order Project(zh-de-ja), a project to create a complete set of images depicting the right stroke order (Protocols).
The 214 Kangxi radicals have been completed by hand. The next goal is to complete the missing animations from the page: GIF_progress. Help is welcome, on this link are the official guidelines.
ㄣ-bw.png
Autor: See user in the "File history" section., Licencja: CC BY 3.0
This ㄣ-bw.png image depicting the stroke order of the character ㄣ in bw.png style.
This image is part of the Commons:Stroke Order Project(zh-de-ja), a project to create a complete set of images depicting the right stroke order (Protocols).
The 214 Kangxi radicals have been completed by hand. The next goal is to complete the missing animations from the page: GIF_progress. Help is welcome, on this link are the official guidelines.
ㄚ-bw.png
Autor: See user in the "File history" section., Licencja: CC BY 3.0
This ㄚ-bw.png image depicting the stroke order of the character ㄚ in bw.png style.
This image is part of the Commons:Stroke Order Project(zh-de-ja), a project to create a complete set of images depicting the right stroke order (Protocols).
The 214 Kangxi radicals have been completed by hand. The next goal is to complete the missing animations from the page: GIF_progress. Help is welcome, on this link are the official guidelines.
書.svg
The Chinese character , in semi-cursive script. The meaning in English: "book", "writing", "calligraphy".
This file is used as the logo of WikiProject Writing systems on the English Wikipedia.
ㄕ-bw.png
Autor: See user in the "File history" section., Licencja: CC BY 3.0
This ㄕ-bw.png image depicting the stroke order of the character ㄕ in bw.png style.
This image is part of the Commons:Stroke Order Project(zh-de-ja), a project to create a complete set of images depicting the right stroke order (Protocols).
The 214 Kangxi radicals have been completed by hand. The next goal is to complete the missing animations from the page: GIF_progress. Help is welcome, on this link are the official guidelines.
ㄏ-bw.png
Autor: See user in the "File history" section., Licencja: CC BY 3.0
This ㄏ-bw.png image depicting the stroke order of the character ㄏ in bw.png style.
This image is part of the Commons:Stroke Order Project(zh-de-ja), a project to create a complete set of images depicting the right stroke order (Protocols).
The 214 Kangxi radicals have been completed by hand. The next goal is to complete the missing animations from the page: GIF_progress. Help is welcome, on this link are the official guidelines.
MoeKai Bopomofo U+312D.svg
Autor: Voidvector, Licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0
U+312D. "BOPOMOFO LETTER IH". (ㄭ)
ㄙ-bw.png
Autor: See user in the "File history" section., Licencja: CC BY 3.0
This ㄙ-bw.png image depicting the stroke order of the character ㄙ in bw.png style.
This image is part of the Commons:Stroke Order Project(zh-de-ja), a project to create a complete set of images depicting the right stroke order (Protocols).
The 214 Kangxi radicals have been completed by hand. The next goal is to complete the missing animations from the page: GIF_progress. Help is welcome, on this link are the official guidelines.
ㄝ-bw.png
Autor: See user in the "File history" section., Licencja: CC BY 3.0
This ㄝ-bw.png image depicting the stroke order of the character ㄝ in bw.png style.
This image is part of the Commons:Stroke Order Project(zh-de-ja), a project to create a complete set of images depicting the right stroke order (Protocols).
The 214 Kangxi radicals have been completed by hand. The next goal is to complete the missing animations from the page: GIF_progress. Help is welcome, on this link are the official guidelines.
ㄅ-bw.png
Autor: See user in the "File history" section., Licencja: CC BY 3.0
This ㄅ-bw.png image depicting the stroke order of the character ㄅ in bw.png style.
This image is part of the Commons:Stroke Order Project(zh-de-ja), a project to create a complete set of images depicting the right stroke order (Protocols).
The 214 Kangxi radicals have been completed by hand. The next goal is to complete the missing animations from the page: GIF_progress. Help is welcome, on this link are the official guidelines.
ㄧ-bw.png
Autor: See user in the "File history" section., Licencja: CC BY 3.0
This ㄧ-bw.png image depicting the stroke order of the character ㄧ in bw.png style.
This image is part of the Commons:Stroke Order Project(zh-de-ja), a project to create a complete set of images depicting the right stroke order (Protocols).
The 214 Kangxi radicals have been completed by hand. The next goal is to complete the missing animations from the page: GIF_progress. Help is welcome, on this link are the official guidelines.
ㄇ-bw.png
Autor: See user in the "File history" section., Licencja: CC BY 3.0
This ㄇ-bw.png image depicting the stroke order of the character ㄇ in bw.png style.
This image is part of the Commons:Stroke Order Project(zh-de-ja), a project to create a complete set of images depicting the right stroke order (Protocols).
The 214 Kangxi radicals have been completed by hand. The next goal is to complete the missing animations from the page: GIF_progress. Help is welcome, on this link are the official guidelines.
ㄖ-bw.png
Autor: See user in the "File history" section., Licencja: CC BY 3.0
This ㄖ-bw.png image depicting the stroke order of the character ㄖ in bw.png style.
This image is part of the Commons:Stroke Order Project(zh-de-ja), a project to create a complete set of images depicting the right stroke order (Protocols).
The 214 Kangxi radicals have been completed by hand. The next goal is to complete the missing animations from the page: GIF_progress. Help is welcome, on this link are the official guidelines.
ㄈ-bw.png
Autor: See user in the "File history" section., Licencja: CC BY 3.0
This ㄈ-bw.png image depicting the stroke order of the character ㄈ in bw.png style.
This image is part of the Commons:Stroke Order Project(zh-de-ja), a project to create a complete set of images depicting the right stroke order (Protocols).
The 214 Kangxi radicals have been completed by hand. The next goal is to complete the missing animations from the page: GIF_progress. Help is welcome, on this link are the official guidelines.
ㄥ-bw.png
Autor: See user in the "File history" section., Licencja: CC BY 3.0
This ㄥ-bw.png image depicting the stroke order of the character ㄥ in bw.png style.
This image is part of the Commons:Stroke Order Project(zh-de-ja), a project to create a complete set of images depicting the right stroke order (Protocols).
The 214 Kangxi radicals have been completed by hand. The next goal is to complete the missing animations from the page: GIF_progress. Help is welcome, on this link are the official guidelines.
ㄐ-bw.png
Autor: See user in the "File history" section., Licencja: CC BY 3.0
This ㄐ-bw.png image depicting the stroke order of the character ㄐ in bw.png style.
This image is part of the Commons:Stroke Order Project(zh-de-ja), a project to create a complete set of images depicting the right stroke order (Protocols).
The 214 Kangxi radicals have been completed by hand. The next goal is to complete the missing animations from the page: GIF_progress. Help is welcome, on this link are the official guidelines.
ㄊ-bw.png
Autor: See user in the "File history" section., Licencja: CC BY 3.0
This ㄊ-bw.png image depicting the stroke order of the character ㄊ in bw.png style.
This image is part of the Commons:Stroke Order Project(zh-de-ja), a project to create a complete set of images depicting the right stroke order (Protocols).
The 214 Kangxi radicals have been completed by hand. The next goal is to complete the missing animations from the page: GIF_progress. Help is welcome, on this link are the official guidelines.
ㄞ-bw.png
Autor: See user in the "File history" section., Licencja: CC BY 3.0
This ㄞ-bw.png image depicting the stroke order of the character ㄞ in bw.png style.
This image is part of the Commons:Stroke Order Project(zh-de-ja), a project to create a complete set of images depicting the right stroke order (Protocols).
The 214 Kangxi radicals have been completed by hand. The next goal is to complete the missing animations from the page: GIF_progress. Help is welcome, on this link are the official guidelines.
ㄜ-bw.png
Autor: See user in the "File history" section., Licencja: CC BY 3.0
This ㄜ-bw.png image depicting the stroke order of the character ㄜ in bw.png style.
This image is part of the Commons:Stroke Order Project(zh-de-ja), a project to create a complete set of images depicting the right stroke order (Protocols).
The 214 Kangxi radicals have been completed by hand. The next goal is to complete the missing animations from the page: GIF_progress. Help is welcome, on this link are the official guidelines.
ㄩ-bw.png
Autor: See user in the "File history" section., Licencja: CC BY 3.0
This ㄩ-bw.png image depicting the stroke order of the character ㄩ in bw.png style.
This image is part of the Commons:Stroke Order Project(zh-de-ja), a project to create a complete set of images depicting the right stroke order (Protocols).
The 214 Kangxi radicals have been completed by hand. The next goal is to complete the missing animations from the page: GIF_progress. Help is welcome, on this link are the official guidelines.