Cesarze rzymscy
Chronologiczna lista władców Rzymu okresu cesarstwa.
Pryncypat
Dynastia julijsko-klaudyjska
Władca | Czas panowania | Data urodzin i śmierci | Zaliczenie w poczet bogów | Uwagi | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Oktawian August Gaius Iulius Caesar Octavianus | 27 p.n.e.–14 | 63 p.n.e.–14 | jako Divus Augustus | wnuk siostry Juliusza Cezara, Julii | |
Tyberiusz Tiberius Claudius Nero | 14–37 | 42 p.n.e.–37 | niezaliczony | syn Liwii Druzylli z jej pierwszego małżeństwa, przybrany syn i pasierb Oktawiana Augusta | |
Kaligula Gaius Iulius Caesar Germanicus | 37–41 | 12–41 | niezaliczony | syn Germanika i Agrypiny Starszej, wnuk brata Tyberiusza | |
Klaudiusz Tiberius Claudius Drusus Nero Germanicus | 41–54 | 10 p.n.e.–54 | jako Divus Claudius | syn Druzusa Starszego i Antonii Młodszej, bratanek Tyberiusza i stryj Kaliguli | |
Neron Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus | 54–68 | 37–68 | niezaliczony | syn Agrypiny Młodszej i Lucjusza Domicjusza Ahenobarbusa, pasierb Klaudiusza |
Rok czterech cesarzy
Władca | Czas panowania | Data urodzin i śmierci | Zaliczenie w poczet bogów | Uwagi | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Galba Servus Sulpicius Galba | czerwiec 68 – styczeń 69 | 3 p.n.e.–69 | niezaliczony | ||
Oton Marcus Salvius Otho | styczeń 69 – kwiecień 69 | 32–69 | niezaliczony | ||
Witeliusz Aulus Vitellius | kwiecień 69 – grudzień 69 | 15–69 | niezaliczony |
Dynastia Flawiuszów
Władca | Czas panowania | Data urodzin i śmierci | Zaliczenie w poczet bogów | Uwagi | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wespazjan Titus Flavius Vespasianus | 69–79 | 9–79 | jako Divus Vespasianus | ||
Tytus Titus Flavius Vespasianus | 79–81 | 39–81 | jako Divus Titus | syn Wespazjana | |
Domicjan Titus Flavius Domitianus | 81–96 | 51–96 | niezaliczony | syn Wespazjana, brat Tytusa Flawiusza |
Dynastia Antoninów
Władca | Czas panowania | Data urodzin i śmierci | Zaliczenie w poczet bogów | Uwagi | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nerwa Marcus Cocceius Nerva | 96–98 | 30–98 | jako Divus Nerva | pierwszy z „Pięciu dobrych cesarzy” | |
Trajan Marcus Ulpius Traianus | 98–117 | 53–117 | jako Divus Traianus | adoptowany przez Nerwę, drugi z „Pięciu dobrych cesarzy” | |
Hadrian Publius Aelius Hadrianus | 117–138 | 76–138 | jako Divus Hadrianus | adoptowany przez Trajana, trzeci z „Pięciu dobrych cesarzy” | |
Cejoniusz Kommodus | 136–138 | –138 | niezaliczony | cezar, adoptowany przez Hadriana | |
Antoninus Pius Titus Aurelius Fulvius Boionius Antoninus | 138–161 | 86–161 | jako Divus Antoninus | adoptowany przez Hadriana, czwarty z „Pięciu dobrych cesarzy” | |
Marek Aureliusz Marcus Annius Verus | 161–180 | 121–180 | jako Divus Marcus Antoninus Pius | adoptowany przez Antonina Piusa, ostatni z „Pięciu dobrych cesarzy” | |
Lucjusz Werus Lucius Ceionius Commodus | 161–169 | 130–169 | jako Divus Verus | współcesarz z Markiem Aureliuszem, syn Cejoniusza Kommodusa | |
Awidiusz Kasjusz | 175 | ok. 130–175 | uzurpator w Syrii i Egipcie | ||
Kommodus Lucius Aurelius Commodus Antoninus | 180–192 | 161–192 | jako Divus Commodus | syn Marka Aureliusza |
Bez dynastii
Władca | Czas panowania | Data urodzin i śmierci | Zaliczenie w poczet bogów | Uwagi | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pertynaks Publius Helvius Pertinax | styczeń 193 – marzec 193 | 126–193 | jako Divus Pertinax | ||
Dydiusz Julian Marcus Didius Iulianus Severus | marzec 193 – czerwiec 193 | 133–193 | niezaliczony |
Dynastia Sewerów (albo syryjska)
Władca | Czas panowania | Data urodzin i śmierci | Zaliczenie w poczet bogów | Uwagi | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pescenniusz Niger | 193–194 | 135–194 | uzurpator na Wschodzie | ||
Klodiusz Albin | 195–197 | 140/150–197 | uzurpator w Brytanii i Galii | ||
Septymiusz Sewer Lucius Septimius Severus | 193–211 | 145–211 | jako Divus Septimius Severus | ||
Geta Publius Septimius Geta | 211–212 | 189–212 | niezaliczony | syn Septymiusza Sewera | |
Karakalla Lucius Septimius Bassianus Marcus Aurelius Antoninus | 211–217 | 188–217 | niezaliczony | syn Septymiusza Sewera | |
Makrynus Marcus Opellius Macrinus | 217–218 | 164–218 | niezaliczony | ||
Diadumenian Marcus Opellius Diadumenianus | 218–218 | ?–218 | koregent i syn Makrynusa | ||
Heliogabal Varius Avitus Bassianus | 218–222 | 204–222 | niezaliczony | syn ciotecznej siostry Karakalli i Gety | |
Aleksander Sewer Gessius Bassianus Alexianus | 222–235 | 208–235 | zaliczony | syn drugiej ciotecznej siostry Karakalli i Gety, brat cioteczny Heliogabala |
Cesarze z okresu kryzysu w III wieku
Władca | Czas panowania | Data urodzin i śmierci | Zaliczenie w poczet bogów | Uwagi | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maksymin Trak Gaius Iulius Verus Maximinus | 235–238 | 182/183–238 | niezaliczony | ||
Werus Maksymus Gaius Iulius Verus Maximus | 236–238 | 216–238 | cezar i syn Maksymina Traka | ||
Kwartynus | 235–235 | ?–235 | uzurpator | ||
Gordian I Marcus Antonius Gordianus Sempronianus | 238–238 | 158/159–238 | jako Divus Gordianus | współrządził z synem Gordianem II | |
Gordian II Marcus Antonius Gordianus Sempronianus | 238–238 | 192–238 | jako Divus Gordianus | koregent i syn Gordiana I | |
Balbin Decimus Caelius Calvinus Balbinus | 238–238 | ?–238 | niezaliczony | współcesarz z Pupienem | |
Pupien Marcus Clodius Pupienus Maximus | 238–238 | ok. 164–238 | niezaliczony | współcesarz z Balbinem | |
Gordian III Marcus Antonius Gordianus | 238–244 | 225–244 | jako Divus Gordianus | cezar Balbina i Pupiena kwiecień-lipiec 238, wnuk Gordiana I | |
Sabinian | 240–240 | ?–240 | uzurpator w Kartaginie | ||
Filip I Arab Marcus Iulius Philippus | 244–249 | 204–249 | |||
Filip II Marcus Iulius Severus Philippus | 247–249 | ?–249 | cezar 244-247, koregent od 247, syn Filipa Araba | ||
Sylbannakus | 244–249 | ?–249 | uzurpator | ||
Pakacjan | 248–248 (?) | ?–248 (?) | uzurpator w Panonii/Mezji | ||
Jotapian | 248–248 | ?–248 | uzurpator w Kapadocji | ||
Sponsjan | 244–249 | ?–249 | uzurpator | ||
Decjusz Gaius Messius Quintus Decius | 249–251 | 190–251 | niezaliczony | ||
Gajusz Juliusz Pryskus | 249–250 | ?–251/253 | brat Filipa Araba, uzurpator na Wschodzie | ||
Licynian | 250–250 | ?–250 | uzurpator | ||
Herenniusz Quintus Herennius Etruscus Messius Decius | 251–251 | ?–251 | niezaliczony | syn Decjusza | |
Hostylian Gaius Valens Hostilianus Messius Quintus | 251–251 | ?–251 | niezaliczony | syn Decjusza | |
Trebonian Gallus Gaius Vibius Trebonianus Gallus | 251–253 | 206–253 | |||
Woluzjan Gaius Vibius Afinius Gallus Veldumnianus Volusianus | 251–253 | ?–253 | syn Treboniana Gallusa | ||
Emilian Marcus Aemilius Aemilianus | 253–253 | ?–253 | niezaliczony | zalegalizowany uzurpator z Mezji | |
Mereades | 253–260 | ?–260 | uzurpator | ||
Uraniusz Antonin | 249–254 | ?–254 | uzurpator w Syrii | ||
Walerian I Publius Licinius Valerianus | 253–260 | 193–260 | jako Divus Valerianus | współrządził z synem Galienem | |
Galien Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus | 253–268 | 218–268 | jako Divus Gallienus | syn Waleriana I | |
Walerian II Publius Licinius Cornelius Valerianus | 253–257 | ?–257 | syn Galiena | ||
Celsus | 253–268 | ?–268 | uzurpator | ||
Ingenuus | 258–260 | ?–260 | uzurpator w Panonii | ||
Salonin Publius Licinius Cornelius Saloninus Valerianus | 259–260 | ?–260 | jako Divus Saloninus | syn Galiena | |
Makrian I | 260-261 | ?–261 | uzurpator na Wschodzie | ||
Makrian II | 260–261 | ?–261 | uzurpator na Wschodzie, syn Makriana Starszego | ||
Kwietus | 260–261 | ?–261 | uzurpator na Wschodzie, brat Makriana II | ||
Regalian | 260–260 | ?–260 | uzurpator w Panonii | ||
Musjusz Emilian | 261–262 | ?–262 | uzurpator w Egipcie |
Cesarstwo galijskie (formalnie uzurpatorzy)
Władca | Czas panowania | Data urodzin i śmierci | Zaliczenie w poczet bogów | Uwagi | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Postumus | 260–268 | ?–268 | uzurpator na zachodzie cesarstwa | ||
Aureolus | 268–269 | ?–269 | uzurpator w Recji | ||
Lelian | 268–268 | ?–268 | uzurpator w Moguncji | ||
Mariusz | 268–268 | ?–268 | uzurpator w Kolonii | ||
Domicjan (II) | 268–268 | ?–268 | uzurpator w Galii | ||
Wiktoryn | 268–270 | ?–270 | |||
Tetrykus I | 270–273 | ?–273 | |||
Tetrykus II | 270–273 | ?–273 |
Cesarze iliryjscy
Władca | Czas panowania | Data urodzin i śmierci | Zaliczenie w poczet bogów | Uwagi | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Klaudiusz II Gocki Marcus Aurelius Valerius Claudius Gothicus | 268–270 | 214–270 | jako Divus Claudius Gothicus | ||
Kwintyllus Marcus Aurelius Claudius Quintillus | 270–270 | ?–270 | niezaliczony | brat Klaudiusza II Gockiego | |
Aurelian Lucius Domitius Aurelianus | 270–275 | 214–275 | jako Divus Aurelianus | ||
Urbanus | 270–271 | ?–271 | uzurpator | ||
Septymiusz | 271–271 | ?–271 | uzurpator w Dalmacji | ||
Waballat | 271–272 | ?–po 274 | władca Palmiry, uzurpator | ||
Antioch | 272–272 | ?–po 272 | uzurpator w Palmirze | ||
Tacyt Marcus Claudius Tacitus | 275–276 | ?–276 | niezaliczony | ||
Florian Marcus Annius Florianus | 276–276 | ?–276 | niezaliczony | brat Tacyta | |
Probus Marcus Aurelius Probus | 276–282 | 232–282 | niezaliczony | ||
Bonosus | 280–280 | ?–280 | uzurpator w Kolonii | ||
Saturnin | 280–280 | ?–280 | uzurpator w Syrii | ||
Prokulus | 280–281 | uzurpator w prowincjach zachodnich (Lugdunum/Kolonia) | |||
Karus Marcus Numerius Carus | 282–283 | ?–283 | jako Divus Carus | ||
Numerian Marcus Aurelius Numerius Numerianus | 283–284 | ?–284 | niezaliczony | syn i koregent Karusa | |
Karynus Marcus Aurelius Carinus | 283–285 | ?–285 | niezaliczony | syn Karusa | |
Julian z Panonii | 284–285 | ?–285 | uzurpator w kraju Wenetów, Istrii i Panonii |
Dominat
Tetrarchia i dynastia konstantyńska
Władca | Czas panowania | Data urodzin i śmierci | Zaliczenie w poczet bogów | Uwagi | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dioklecjan Gaius Valerius Diocles | 284–305 | 245–313 lub 316 | niezaliczony | abdykował | |
Maksymian Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maximianus | 285–305 | 250–310 | abdykował | ||
Amandus | 285–286 | ?–286 | uzurpator w Galii i Hiszpanii | ||
Karauzjusz | 287–293 | ?–293 | uzurpator w Brytanii | ||
Allektus | 293–296 | ?–296 | uzurpator w Brytanii | ||
Domicjusz Domicjan | 296–297 | ?–297 | uzurpator w Egipcie | ||
Konstancjusz I Chlorus Gaius Flavius Constantius | 305–306 | ok. 250–306 | jako Divus Constantius | cezar Maksymiana 293-305 | |
Galeriusz Gaius Galerius Valerius Maximianus | 305–311 | 250–311 | jako Divus Galerius | cezar Dioklecjana 293-305 | |
Flawiusz Sewer Flavius Valerius Severus | 306–307 | ?–307 | cezar Konstancjusza I 305-306 | ||
Maksencjusz Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maxentius | 307–312 | 280–312 | |||
Lucjusz Domicjusz Aleksander | 308–309/311 | ?–309/311 | uzurpator w Afryce | ||
Konstantyn I Wielki Gaius Flavius Valerius Constantinus | 306–337 | 271/273–337 | jako pierwszy cesarz przyjął chrzest | ||
Licyniusz Flavius Galerius Valerius Licinianus Licinius | 308–324 | 250–324 | |||
Maksymin Daja Gaius Galerius Valerius Maximinus | 309–313 | ok. 270–313 | cezar Galeriusza 305-309 | ||
Waleriusz Walens Aurelius Valerius Valens | 316–317 | ?–317 | współrządca Licyniusza | ||
Licyniusz II | 317–324 | ?–324 | cezar Licyniusza | ||
Martynian Sextus Marcius Martinianus | 324–324 | ?–325 | koregent Licyniusza | ||
Kryspus | 317–326 | ?–326 | cezar Konstantyna Wielkiego | ||
Dalmacjusz | 335–337 | ?–337 | cezar Konstantyna Wielkiego | ||
Hannibalian | 335–337 | ?–337 | syn Konstancjusza Chlorusa, władca Armenii | ||
Konstantyn II Flavius Claudius Constantinus | 337–340 | 317–340 | cezar Konstantyna Wielkiego 317-337 | ||
Konstans I Flavius Iulius Constans | 337–350 | 320–350 | cezar Konstantyna Wielkiego 333-337 | ||
Konstancjusz II Flavius Iulius Constantius | 337–361 | 317–361 | cezar Konstantyna Wielkiego 324-337 | ||
Magnencjusz | 350–353 | 303–353 | niezaliczony | uzurpator w zachodniej części cesarstwa | |
Decencjusz | 351–353 | ?–353 | brat Magnencjusza, uzurpator | ||
Wetranion | 350–350 | ?–350 | uzurpator na Bałkanach | ||
Nepocjan | 350–350 | ?–350 | niezaliczony | uzurpator w Rzymie | |
Konstancjusz Gallus | 351–354 | 325–354 | cezar Konstancjusza II | ||
Julian Apostata Flavius Claudius Iulianus | 361–363 | 332–363 | niezaliczony | cezar Konstancjusza II 355-361 | |
Jowian Flavius Iovianus | 363–364 | 330–364 | jako Divus Iovianus |
Dynastia walentyniańska
Władca | Czas panowania | Data urodzin i śmierci | Zaliczenie w poczet bogów | Uwagi | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Walentynian I Flavius Valentinianus | 364–375 | 321–375 | |||
Walens Flavius Iulius Valens | 364–378 | 328–378 | |||
Prokopiusz | 365–366 | 325–366 | uzurpator w Konstantynopolu, Tracji i Bitynii | ||
Gracjan Gratianus, Flavius Gratianus Augustus | 367–383 | 359–383 | syn Walentyniana I | ||
Walentynian II Flavius Valentinianus | 375–392 | 371–392 | syn Walentyniana I |
Dynastia teodozjańska
Władca | Czas panowania | Data urodzin i śmierci | Zaliczenie w poczet bogów | Uwagi | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Teodozjusz I Wielki Flavius Theodosius | 379–395 | 347–395 | |||
Magnus Maksymus | 383–388 | ?–388 | uzurpator w Brytanii i Galii | ||
Flawiusz Wiktor | 387–388 | ?–388 | uzurpator w Brytanii i Galii | ||
Eugeniusz | 392–394 | ?–394 | niezaliczony | uzurpator na Zachodzie |
Cesarstwo zachodniorzymskie
Władca | Czas panowania | Data urodzin i śmierci | Zaliczenie w poczet bogów | Uwagi | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Honoriusz Flavius Honorius | 395–423 | 383–423 | syn Teodozjusza I | ||
Marek | 406–407 | uzurpator w Brytanii | |||
Konstantyn III | 407–411 | ?–411 | uzurpator w Brytanii, Galii i Hiszpanii | ||
Konstans II | 409–411 | ?–411 | uzurpatorski cezar Konstantyna III 407-409, a następnie jego koregent w Brytanii, Galii i Hiszpanii | ||
Maksymus | 409–411 | ?–411 | uzurpator w Hiszpanii | ||
Pryskus Attalus | 409–415 | ?–415 | uzurpator | ||
Jowin | 411–413 | ?–413 | niezaliczony | uzurpator w Galii | |
Sebastianus | 412–413 | ?–413 | uzurpator w Galii | ||
Konstancjusz III Flavius Constantius | 421–421 | ?–421 | współrządca Honoriusza | ||
Jan | 423–425 | ?–425 | niezaliczony | uzurpator kontrolujący całe terytorium Cesarstwa Zachodniego, nieuznany przez cesarza wschodniego | |
Walentynian III Flavius Placidius Valentinianus | 425–455 | 419–455 | niezaliczony | syn Konstancjusza III i Galli Placydii | |
Petroniusz Maksymus Petronius Maximus Augustus | 455–455 | 396–455 | |||
Awitus Flavius Eparchius Avitus | 455–456 | ok. 395–457 | |||
Majorian Iulius Valerius Maiorianus | 457–461 | po 420–461 | |||
Libiusz Sewer Flavius Libius Severus Serpentius | 461–465 | ?–465 | |||
Antemiusz Procopius Anthemius | 467–472 | ok. 420–472 | |||
Olibriusz Flavius Anicius Olybrius | 472–472 | ?–472 | |||
Gliceriusz Glycerius | 473–474 | ?–po 480 | |||
Juliusz Nepos Iulius Nepos | 474–475 | ?–480 | |||
Romulus Augustulus Flavius Romulus Augustus | 475–476 | ok. 463 – po 507 |
Cesarstwo wschodniorzymskie
Zobacz też
Bibliografia
- Aleksander Krawczuk: Kronika starożytnego Rzymu. Warszawa: Iskry, 1994. ISBN 83-207-1432-X.
- Peter Llewellyn: Rome in the Dark Ages. New York: Barnes & Noble Books, 1996. ISBN 0-7607-0136-9.
- Gajus Swetoniusz Trankwillus: Żywoty Cezarów. Janina Niemirska-Pliszczyńska (tłum.). Wrocław / Warszawa / Kraków / Gdańsk: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, 1987. ISBN 83-04-01648-6.
- Joseph Vogt: Upadek Rzymu. Adam Łukaszewicz (tłum.). Warszawa: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy, 1993. ISBN 83-06-02312-9.
- Józef Wolski: Historia powszechna: Starożytność. Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1971.
Media użyte na tej stronie
Bust of Emperor Gallienus in the Romano-Germanic Museum of Cologne. Middle of the III century A.D.
Bust of Marcus Aurelius (reign 161–180 CE).
Colossal head of Titus (reign 79–81 CE). The large size and the modelling of the face are designed to compensate the height of the statue (ca. 3.20 m).
(c) Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. http://www.cngcoins.com, CC-BY-SA-3.0
Autor: Numismatica Ars Classica NAC AG, Licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0 ch
Carausius, AV aureus. London mint, 286-287, 4.20 g. IMP CARAVSIVS P F AVG, laureate, draped, cuirassed bust right. RIC 5; Depeyrot 2/5; Shiel 4; Calicó 4782.
(c) Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. http://www.cngcoins.com, CC-BY-SA-3.0
Portret van Pescennius Niger op een denarius.
Autor: Mary Harrsch, Licencja: CC BY-SA 2.0
A marble bust of the Roman Emperor Traianus Decius from the Capitoline Museum in Italy. He ruled Rome for 2 short years between 249 to 251 AD before he was killed in a campaign against the invading Goths--who had ravaged the Roman province of Thrace--in the swamps of Dobrudja in eastern Romania/Bulgaria. Unlike some of his immediate predecessors such as Maximinus or Philip the Arab, Decius had been a distinguished Roman senator and had served in office as a governor of several Roman provinces as well as the urban prefect of Rome during the early reign of Philip the Arab. This portrait "conveys an impression of anxiety and weariness, as of a man shouldering heavy [state] responsibilities." (source: Chris Scarre, Chronicle of the Roman Emperors, Thames & Hudson, 1995. pp.168-169.)
(c) I, George Shuklin, CC BY 2.5
Портрет Бальбина (император в 238 г). Вторая четверть III в. Мрамор, А 250. Эрмитаж, зал Юпитера. Санкт-Петербург, Россия. Юпитера. Санкт-Петербург, Россия.
(c) Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. http://www.cngcoins.com, CC-BY-SA-3.0
Bust of Commodus as Hercules, hence the lion skin, the club and the golden apples of the Hesperides. Part of a statuary group representing Commodus' apotheosis. Roman artwork.
A Statue of emperor Valentinian II - Marble - Aphrodisias Geyre - Aydin - 387 – 390 Ad
(c) Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. http://www.cngcoins.com, CC BY-SA 2.5
Fólis de Marciniano cunhado em Cízico em 324. Oficina 2
Autor: Numismatik Lanz München, Licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0 de
IMP C PROCVLVS AVG, gepanzerte Büste mit Strahlenkrone nach rechts. Zweites bekanntes Exemplar. Ex Dix Noonan Webb, Auktion 10.4.2013, Nr. 694. Die Münze wurde am 7.11.2012 von Mark Hildreth und Colin Popplewell in einem Feld in der Nähe von Stamford Bridge in East Yorkshire/England gefunden.
Autor: Shinjirod, Licencja: CC BY 3.0
Emperor Galerius' portrait head in porphyry, from his palace in Romuliana (Gamzigrad).
Grabado de Didio Juliano
Titus is one of the Thirty Tyrants, a list of Roman usurpers compiled by the author(s) of the often unreliable Historia Augusta.
Autor:
(c) Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. http://www.cngcoins.com, CC-BY-SA-3.0
Portret van Gallo-Romeinse keizer Victorinus op een antoninianus (4.5g) uit 269/270, geslagen in Keulen.
(c) I, Lalupa, CC-BY-SA-3.0
Bust of Karin (283-285). Museum of Curators, then Centrale Montemartini, Rome. Marble, 41 cm high.
Autor: Olybrius, Licencja: CC BY 3.0
Tête de Maximien Hercule au Musée Saint-Raymond de Toulouse.
Date de la sculpture : 293 - 296 Origine : Villa romaine de Chiragan à Martres-Tolosane, découvert lors des fouilles de 1826 - 1830.
Numéro d'inventaire : Inv. Ra 34 b (ex 30306).© José Luiz Bernardes Ribeiro, CC BY-SA 4.0
Palazzo Nuovo - Musei Capitolini - Rome
(c) Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. http://www.cngcoins.com, CC-BY-SA-3.0
Autor: Leokand, Licencja: CC BY-SA 4.0
Coin of the Roman emperor Saturnius, based on Aureus_Saturninus.jpg file (cropped)
Autor: www.cngcoins.com, Licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0
Antoninianus van 3.6g geslagen in 276 in Lugdunum met het portret van Romeinse keizer Florianus. Met toestemming Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. (CNG)
(c) Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. http://www.cngcoins.com, CC BY-SA 2.5
Silver siliqua of Procopius, usurper in 365-366
Priest of Sarapis wearing the pallium and a sacerdotal crown, formerly thought to be a representation of Julian the Apostate. Detail from a marbe statue, modern copy (ca. 1790) after a Roman original from 120–130 AD.
(c) George Shuklin, CC BY 2.5
Bust of Roman emperor Philip the Arab, who ruled 244-249 AD, at the Hermitage Museum, Russia. The date of the bust is given on the museum's web site as circa mid 3rd century.
A statue of the first Roman Emperor Augustus (r. 27 BC - 14 AD) as a younger Octavian, this sculpted artwork dated to around 30 BC. It is located in the Museo Capitolino of Rome, Italy.
Autor: unknown, Licencja: CC BY 2.5
(c) Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. http://www.cngcoins.com, CC-BY-SA-3.0
Macrianus Major was a Roman usurper. He was one of Valerian's fiscal officers.
Mussius Aemilianus probably was of Italian stock. He was an officer in the Roman army under Philip the Arab and Valerian.
(c) Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. http://www.cngcoins.com, CC-BY-SA-3.0
Autor:
Head of Roman Emperor Septimius Severus (193-211 CE) of the Serapis type. Greek marble (head) and green alabaster (bust, does not belong), probably posthumous.
Autor: Sailko, Licencja: CC BY 3.0
Monetiere del museo archeologico di Firenze
Autor: shakko, Licencja: CC BY 3.0
Emperor Maxentius. Plaster cast in Pushkin Museum after original in Dresden
Autor: www.livius.org, Licencja: CC BY-SA 4.0
Bust of Theodisus I. Founded in Aphrodisias. (Aydın, Turkey)
Autor: Mary Harrsch, Licencja: CC BY-SA 2.0
A bust of the Roman Emperor Constantius II from Syria. This object is today located in the collection of the University of Pennsylvania's Museum of Archaeology. Constantius II was the second of Constantine I's three sons and ruled the Roman Empire, sometimes in co-rulership with his 2 brothers, between 337 and 361 AD.
Fictius portrait of Aureolus (died 268) was a Roman military commander and would-be usurper. He was one of the so-called Thirty Tyrants who populated the reign of the Emperor Gallienus.
Autor: , Licencja: CC BY-SA 4.0
This is a photo of a monument which is part of cultural heritage of Italy. This monument participates in the contest Wiki Loves Monuments Italia 2016. See authorisations.
Autor: Numismatica Ars Classica NAC AG, Licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0 ch
Diadumenianus Caesar, 217–218, Aureus late 217, AV 7.14 g. M OPEL ANT DIADVMENIAN CAES Bare-headed and draped bust r. C 2. BMC p. 509 note †. RIC Macrinus 101 var. (draped and cuirassed). Kent-Hirmer pl. 116, 412 (these dies). Calicó 2982.
Bust of Domitian. Pentelic marble, second part of Domitian's reign (81-96 CE). From the area of the Via Principe Amedeo on the Esquiline, 1898.
Autor: shakko, Licencja: CC BY 3.0
Emperor Constantius I Chlorus. Cast in Pushkin museum after original in Antik Sammlung, Berlin
(c) I, Sailko, CC BY-SA 3.0
Impero, decenzio, medaglione in bronzo (roma), 350-353
Carus aus Baumeister: Denkmäler des klassischen Altertums. 1885. Band I., Seite 374.
(c) Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. http://www.cngcoins.com, CC-BY-SA-3.0
Autor: Geni, edited by User:SJuergen, Licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0
Photo of Obverse of the Ashmolean Museum coin of Domitianus II
Autor: Courtesy of Numismatica Ars Classica NAC, Licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0
Sebastianus. Usurper, AD 412-413. Siliqua, Arelate 412-413, AR 1.32 g. [D N SEBASTIA] – NVS P F AVG Pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust r. / VICTORI – A AVGG Roma seated l. on curule chair, holding Victory on globe and reverted spear; in exergue KONT. RIC 1719. C 4. King, Mélanges Bastien, pl. 22, 11
Autor: Scan by: User:Henryart (who is owner of the original book), Licencja: CC BY-SA 2.0
Portrait of Honorius, son of Theodosius I
(c) Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. http://www.cngcoins.com, CC BY-SA 2.5
NUMERIAN. 283-284 AD. Antoninianus (22mm, 4.04 gm). Lugdunum (Lyon) mint. Struck early January 284. IMP C NVMERIANVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / PAX AVGG, Pax standing left, holding olive branch and sceptre. RIC V 394; Venèra 60. EF, some traces of silvering.
Autor: Numismatica Ars Classica NAC AG, Licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0 ch
Herennius Etruscus as Caesar, 250 - 251, Aureus circa 251, 3.44 g. Q HER ETR MES DECIVS NOB C Bare-headed and draped bust right. RIC 147a. C 25. Vagi 2204. Calicó 3311.
Autor: TcfkaPanairjdde, Licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0
Statue of emperor Constantine II as caesar on top of the Cordonata (the monumental ladder climbing up to piazza del Campidoglio), in Rome.
(c) Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. http://www.cngcoins.com, CC-BY-SA-3.0
Joannes. 423-425 AD. AV Solidus (4.36 gm). Ravenna mint.
- D N IOHANNES PF AVG, rosette-diademed bust right
- VICTORIA AVGGG, Emperor standing right, holding Victory, Labarum, foot on captive, R-V, CONOB.
RIC X 1901 (R2); Depeyrot 12/1.
- Little is known of the origin and early career of Johannes (John), but at the time of the death of the western Emperor Honorius (August 15, 423 AD) he occupied a position of great influence as head of the palace bureaucracy in Ravenna. An ‘interregum’ of several months followed Honorius' death during which the eastern Emperor Theodosius II (402-450) was technically the ruler of the entire Empire. On 20 November the situation was dramatically changed by the proclamation of Johannes in Ravenna as emperor of the West. Theodosius refused to countenance this usurpation and decided to support the claim to the western throne of his young cousin, Valentinian, son of the late Emperor Constantius III and the Empress Galla Placidia. Towards the end of 424 a large army was despatched from the East with orders to remove Johannes from power and to install Valentinian III as emperor of the West. After various setbacks this task was accomplished and the unfortunate Johannes was taken prisoner in Ravenna and sent to Aquileia for execution. his reign had lasted little more than a year and a half.
- The rare coinage of Johannes was issued mostly from his capital of Ravenna where at least five denominations were produced. This attractive solidus is of the usual ‘western’ design, with a profile bust of the emperor on obverse and his standing figure spurning a barbarian captive on reverse. The portrait depicts the emperor bearded, an unusual feature at this time and one which was sometimes associated with pagan sympathies.
(c) Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. http://www.cngcoins.com, CC BY-SA 2.5
Domitius Domitianus. Usurper, AD 297-298. Æ Nummus (26mm, 9.65 g, 12h). Alexandria mint, 2nd officina. 2nd emission, struck AD 298. Obv.: Obv : IMP C L DOMITIVS DOMITIANVS AVG Laureated head right. From the Ronald J. Hansen Collection.
Autor: shakko, Licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0
Vespasianus. Plaster cast in Pushkin museum after original in Louvre (L 1261), that was identified as modern art work and removed from collection
Autor: Leokand, Licencja: CC BY-SA 4.0
Roman Emperor's Delmatius coin, abverse. Based on the file DELMATIUS RIC VII 142-2410628.jpg (cropped)
(c) Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. http://www.cngcoins.com, CC BY-SA 2.5
Marius. Romano-Gallic Emperor, AD 269. Antoninianus (20mm, 2.85 g). Mint I (Trier). 2nd emission. Obv.: Radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right. RIC V 10; Mairat 235; AGK 4b.
(c) I, Sailko, CC BY 2.5
Ritratto di trebonianno gallo III sec. dc.
Autor: shakko, Licencja: CC BY 3.0
Emperor Maximinus Daia. Cast in Pushkin museum after original in Cairo (material - red porphyry). Another name of original: Portrait of an Emperor, from Athribis, Egypt, porphyry, just over lifesize, late Empire period,
3rd-4th cent. A.D. (Cairo Museum)Coin of the Roman emperor Nepotianus. Front: Nepotianus with paludamentum, inscription: FL POP NEPOTIANVS PF AVG
(c) Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. http://www.cngcoins.com, CC-BY-SA-3.0
Coin of Valentinian I., emperor of the Western Roman Empire (364–375)
(c) Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. http://www.cngcoins.com, CC-BY-SA-3.0
(c) Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. http://www.cngcoins.com, CC BY-SA 2.5
CONSTANTIUS GALLUS, Caesar. 351-354 AD. AV Solidus (4.44 gm). Thessalonica mint. D N CONSTANTI-VS NOB CAES, bare-headed, draped, and cuirassed bust right / GLORIA REI-PVBLICAE, Roma and Constantinopolis enthroned, the former facing, the latter turned to the left, supporting between them a wreath inscribed VOT/V/MVLT/X in four lines; Roma holds spear, Constantinopolis holds sceptre and rests right foot on prow; *TES*. RIC VIII 149; Depeyrot 8/4; Cohen 25. EF. Rare. (See color enlargement on plate 17.) ($4000)
Autor: Numismatica Ars Classica NAC AG, Licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0 ch
Saloninus caesar, 258 – 260, Aureus, Rome 258, AV 2.23 g. LIC COR SAL VALERIANVS N CAES Bare-headed and draped bust r. C 48. Calicó 3688 (these dies). Delbrueck pl. 13, 23.
Portret van caesar Tetricus II, zoon van de Gallo-Romeinse keizer Tetricus I, op een antoninianus (1.8g) geslagen te Trier in 273-274.
Head of Nero (reign 54–68 CE), from an oversized statue, about 2.40 m height. After 64 AD.
Autor: Wolfgang Sauber, Licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0
Antiques Museum in the Royal Palace, Stockholm. Bust of Roman emperor Galba.
(c) Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. http://www.cngcoins.com, CC-BY-SA-3.0
(c) Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. http://www.cngcoins.com, CC BY-SA 2.5
Eugenius. AD 392-394.
- AV Solidus (4.44 g). Mediolanum (Milan) mint. Struck 393-394 AD.
- D N EVGENI-VS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust right
- VICTOR-IA AVGG, Eugenius and Theodosius I, both nimbate, seated facing, holding globe between them; behind and between, Victory standing front with outspread wings, palm below; M-D/COM.
- RIC IX 28; Depeyrot 11/1; Cohen 6.
- Good VF, light smoothing in fields and on face. Very rare.
- From the William H. Williams Collection. Ex Jean Elsen 57 (6 March 1999), lot 1914; Leu 65 (21-22 May 1996), lot 512.
Autor: unknown, Licencja: CC-BY-SA-3.0
Publius Septimius Geta. Marble, Roman artwork, ca. 208 CE. From Gabies.
Autor: shakko, Licencja: CC BY 3.0
Emperor Clodius Albinus. Cast in Pushkin Museum after original in Louvre, II c.
(c) Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. http://www.cngcoins.com, CC-BY-SA-3.0
(c) Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. http://www.cngcoins.com, CC-BY-SA-3.0
(c) Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. http://www.cngcoins.com, CC-BY-SA-3.0
Maximus. Caesar, AD 235/6-238. AR Denarius (3.06 g, 12h). Rome mint. 3rd emission, AD 236. IVLVERVSMAXIMVSCAES Bare-headed and draped bust right / PIETASAVG Lituus, knife, jug, simpulum, and sprinkler. RIC 1; BMCRE 118; RSC 1.
Obvers of Silbannacus' coin from British Museum
obverse of the usurper's Bonosus antoninianus
(c) Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. http://www.cngcoins.com, CC-BY-SA-3.0
Autor: G.dallorto, Licencja: Attribution
Istanbul - Archaeological Museum - Statue head of the Roman emperor Diocletian (284-305 AD)
Ingenuus was a Roman military commander who held a senior military command in Pannonia.
Autor: Markus Bernet (dyskusja · edycje), Licencja: CC BY-SA 2.5
Head of the colossal statue of Constantine I, Musei Capitolini, Rome. Marble, Roman artwork, 313–324 CE.
(c) Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. http://www.cngcoins.com, CC-BY-SA-3.0
(c) Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. http://www.cngcoins.com, CC-BY-SA-3.0
Maximus of Spain. Usurper, AD 409-411. AR Siliqua. Barcino (Barcelona) mint. Pearl-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust right / Roma seated left on cuirass, holding Victory on globe and spear.
(c) Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. http://www.cngcoins.com, CC BY-SA 2.5
Vabalathus. Usurper, AD 272. Antoninianus 3.82 g. Antioch. March-May AD 272. IM C VHABALATHVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right. RIC V 5 corr. (bust type); BN 1266; MIR 47, 361a.
Autor:
Vetriano (AD 350). AE maiorina (5.40 gm), Siscia mint.
- D N VETRA-NIO P F AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust of Vetranio right, A behind
- CONCORDIA MILITVM, emperor standing left in military attire, holding two labara, star above his head, A in left field, •ASIS* in exergue.
RIC 281. C. 1. LRBC 1168. RCTV 4041.
Coin from Wildwinds. Used with permission.(c) Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. http://www.cngcoins.com, CC-BY-SA-3.0
Марк Сальвий Отон
(c) Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. http://www.cngcoins.com, CC-BY-SA-3.0
Portret van Aemilianus op een antoninianus.
(c) Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. http://www.cngcoins.com, CC BY-SA 2.5
Antoniniano de Regaliano emitido em Carnunto
Hannibalianus 335-337 AD.
- Æ Follis. Constantinople mint.
- FL HANNIBALIANO REGI, bare-headed, draped and cuirassed bust right
- SE-CVRITAS PVBLICA, river-god Euphrates reclining right; CONSS.
- Æ Follis. Constantinople mint.
- RIC VII 147; LRBC 1034.
(c) Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. http://www.cngcoins.com, CC-BY-SA-3.0
Bust of Antoninus Pius (reign 138–161 CE), ca. 150.
Münzbild des Sponsianus. Avers: IMP SPONSIANI, Kopf rechts mit Strahlenkrone. (Revers des Minucius Augurinus; Säule zwischen zwei Männern; nicht im Bild)
(c) Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. http://www.cngcoins.com, CC BY-SA 2.5
Magnentius. AD 350-353. AV Solidus (22mm, 4.52 g, 6h). Treveri (Trier) mint. First phase, struck January–February AD 350. IM CAE MAGN ENTIVS AVG, draped and cuirassed bust right / VICTORIA · AVG LIB · ROMANO, Victory, holding wreath, standing right and Libertas, holding scepter, standing left, holding trophy with hook between them; TR. RIC VIII 247; Bastien 6; Depeyrot 9/1; DOC –; cf. Biaggi 2197 (for type). Near EF, toned.
Siliqua Obv: DNCONSTANSPFAVG - Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right. Rev: VICTORIAAAVGGG Exe: KONT - Roma seated left, holding Victory on globe and spear.
(c) Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. http://www.cngcoins.com, CC-BY-SA-3.0
Autor: unknown, Licencja: CC BY 2.5
Portrait of the emperor Caracalla from a statue reworked as a bust.
(c) Rasiel at en.wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0
Coin of Tetricus I, last ruler of the Gallic Empire
(c) Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. http://www.cngcoins.com, CC-BY-SA-3.0
Aurelius Valerius Valens. Co-emperor of Licinius, AD 316-317. Æ Follis (3.36 g, 12h). Alexandria mint, 1st officina. Obv.: IMP C AVR VAL VALENS P F AVG, laureate head right. RIC VII 19.
Autor: Numismatica Ars Classica NAC AG, Licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0 ch
Flavius Victor, 387-388, Solidus, Treveri 387, AV 4.48 g. DN FL VIC – TOR P F AVG Pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust r. Kent-Hirmer pl. 181, 714. C 1. Depeyrot 52/3. RIC 75.
Autor:
Male bust of the Pseudo-Vitellius type. Grey veined marble, Italian artwork of the first half of the 16th century, modern copy of an antique head of the Hadrianic era in the Grimani Collection in Venice, once thought to represent the emperor Vitellius.
Autor: www.cngcoins.com, Licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0
Flavius Valerius Severus, as Caesar. 305-307 AD. Æ Follis (8.04 gm). Trier mint.
© José Luiz Bernardes Ribeiro, CC BY-SA 4.0
Palazzo Nuovo - Musei Capitolini - Rome
Autor: Codrin.B, Licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0
Possible statue of Roman Emperor Pertinax, originating from Apulum (modern Alba-Iulia, Romania). In display at National Museum of the Union. Close up.
Autor: User:Ronan.guilloux/gallery, Licencja: CC BY 2.5
The first one of the two twin bronze busts of Claudius II "the Gothic" (268/269 d.C.). The gilded bronze portraits, five of Roman emperors and one of an empress, were hidden beneath the Capitoline temple in Brescia, together with other bronze objects, to prevent the consequences of a possible sack of the town in the 4th or 5th century, and unearthed only in 1826. They are now exhibited in the archaeological Santa Giulia Museum, in Brescia, Italy.
© José Luiz Bernardes Ribeiro, CC BY-SA 4.0
Palazzo Nuovo - Capitoline Museums - Rome
Julian of Pannonia AV Aureus. Siscia mint. IMP C IVLIANVS P F AVG, laureate, draped & cuirassed bust right. Calico 4413, Cohen 3.
(c) Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. http://www.cngcoins.com, CC-BY-SA-3.0
Autor: unknown, Licencja: CC-BY-SA-3.0
Bust of Lucius Verus in the Louvre (Ma 1101), Paris.
(c) Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. http://www.cngcoins.com, CC-BY-SA-3.0
Portret van Valerianus II op een bronzen munt.