Ernest J. King
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 Fleet Admiral | |
| Data i miejsce urodzenia | |
|---|---|
| Data i miejsce śmierci | |
| Przebieg służby | |
| Lata służby | 1901–1945 |
| Siły zbrojne | |
| Stanowiska | szef Biura Aeronautyki, |
| Główne wojny i bitwy | wojna amerykańsko-hiszpańska |
| Odznaczenia | |
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Ernest Joseph King (ur. 23 listopada 1878 w Lorain, zm. 25 czerwca 1956 w Waszyngtonie) – amerykański oficer, Fleet Admiral, szef sztabu Marynarki Wojennej Stanów Zjednoczonych i Szef Operacji Morskich (COMINCH-CNO) w czasie II wojny światowej. Był przełożonym wszystkich dowódców US Navy i podlegał bezpośrednio sekretarzowi marynarki wojennej w Pentagonie.
Życiorys
W roku 1901 ukończył Akademię Marynarki Wojennej, po czym służył na okręcie USS "San Francisco" na Karaibach. Przed wybuchem I wojny światowej służył w jednostkach nawodnych Marynarki, natomiast w latach 1919–1925 sprawował różne funkcje we flocie podwodnej. W 1927 odbył kurs pilotażu, a w latach 1930–1932 dowodził lotniskowcem USS "Lexington". W 1933 został awansowany do stopnia kontradmirała (ang. Rear Admiral) i – jako zwolennik rozwoju lotnictwa marynarki wojennej – mianowany szefem Biura Aeronautyki. W 1938 został wiceadmirałem (ang. Vice Admiral), a w lutym 1941 admirałem (ang. Admiral) jako dowódca Floty Atlantyku. 30 grudnia 1941 mianowany został dowódcą US Navy, a 18 marca 1942 szefem operacji morskich[1].
17 grudnia 1944 został awansowany na nowo utworzony stopień admirała floty (ang. Fleet Admiral). Oprócz niego w historii US Navy rangę tę uzyskali tylko William Halsey, William Daniel Leahy i Chester Nimitz. W grudniu 1945 King odszedł na emeryturę.
Odznaczenia
- Naval Aviator Wings
- Krzyż Marynarki
- Navy Distinguished Service Medal – trzykrotnie
- Spanish Campaign Medal
- Sampson Medal
- Mexican Service Medal
- Medal Zwycięstwa I wojny światowej
- American Defense Service Medal
- American Campaign Medal
- Medal Zwycięstwa II wojny światowej (World War II Victory Medal)
- National Defense Service Medal
- Wielki Oficer Orderu Korony (1948, Belgia)
- Krzyż Wojenny 1940–1945 (Belgia)
- Wielki Oficer Orderu Zasługi Wojskowej (1943, Brazylia)
- Order Abdóna Calderóna I klasy (1943, Ekwador)
- Krzyż Wielki Legii Honorowej (Grand Croix Légion d'honneur, 1945, Francja)
- Krzyż Wojenny 1939–1945 (Croix de Guerre 1939–1945, Francja)
- Krzyż Wielki Orderu Jerzego I (1946, Grecja)
- Order Oranje-Nassau (1948, Holandia)
- Order Zasługi Morskiej (1943, Kuba)
- Komandor Orderu Vasco Núñeza de Balboa (1929, Panama)
- Wielka Wstęga Specjalna Orderu Drogocennego Trójnogu (1945, Tajwan)
- Krzyż Wielki Orderu Łaźni (Grand Cross Order of the Bath, 1945, Wielka Brytania)
- Oficer Orderu Korony Italii (1933, Włochy)
- Krzyż Wielki Orderu Wojskowego Włoch (1948, Włochy)
Przypisy
- ↑ Jako jedyny w historii Stanów Zjednoczonych pełnił obie te funkcje jednocześnie.
Bibliografia
- Ernest Joseph King, W. Whitehill, Fleet Admiral King, Nowy Jork, 1953
- Ernest Joseph King, Find a Grave (ang.) [dostęp 16 sierpnia 2011
- Fleet Admiral Ernest J. King, USN (1878–1956), history.navy.mil (ang.) [dostęp 16 sierpnia 2011]
- S. E. Morison, The Two-Ocean War, Boston (Massachusetts), 1963
- Picking Winners?, U.S. Naval Institute (ang.) [dostęp 16 sierpnia 2011]
- R. H. Spector, Eagle Against the Sun, Nowy Jork, 1984
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- Chief of Naval Operations
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Naval Aviator Badge.jpg
Naval Aviator insignia, worn by pilots in the U.S. Navy. See U.S. Navy Uniform Regulations: 5201 - Breast Insignia.
Naval Aviator insignia, worn by pilots in the U.S. Navy. See U.S. Navy Uniform Regulations: 5201 - Breast Insignia.
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Illustration of a gold Award star ribbon device for military decorations
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Ribbon for the World War I Victory Medal awarded by the Allies:
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- w:Victory Medal (United Kingdom) also called the Inter-Allied Victory Medal
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- w:Inter-Allied Victory Medal (Greece)
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National Defense Service Medal ribbon.svg
Ribbon from the National Defense Service Medal awarded by the United States Department of Defense.
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Order of the Bath (ribbon).svg
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Ribbon of the Order of the Bath
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Ribbon of the Order of the Bath
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medal bar of Knight of grand cross of the Ordine militare di Savoia (Military Order of Savoy).
medal bar of Knight of grand cross of the Ordine militare di Savoia (Military Order of Savoy).
Navy Cross ribbon.svg
Ribbon for the Navy Cross awarded by the United States Department of the Navy.
Ribbon for the Navy Cross awarded by the United States Department of the Navy.
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Ribbon bar: Croix de Guerre 1939-1945 (France)
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Ribbon bar: Croix de Guerre 1939-1945 (France)
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ribbon of the medal of officier of the Order of the Crown of Italy, during the Kingdom of Italy.
ribbon of the medal of officier of the Order of the Crown of Italy, during the Kingdom of Italy.
GRE Order of George I - Grand Cross BAR.png
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Baretka Krzyża Wielkiego Orderu Jerzego I
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Baretka Krzyża Wielkiego Orderu Jerzego I
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Order of Orange-Nassau - Member Ribbon
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Order of Orange-Nassau - Member Ribbon
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Ribbon for the Mexican Service Medal awarded by the United States Army.
Ribbon for the Mexican Service Medal awarded by the United States Army.
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Ribbon for the Spanish Campaign Medal awarded by the United States Armed Forces.
Ribbon for the Spanish Campaign Medal awarded by the United States Armed Forces.
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Ribbon bar of the Order of Abdón Calderón 1st Class (Ecuador)
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Ribbon bar of the Order of Abdón Calderón 1st Class (Ecuador)
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Ribbon bar of the Order of Naval Merit (Cuba)
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Ribbon bar of the Order of Naval Merit (Cuba)
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*Description: On a circular background of fair sky and moderate sea with land in sinister base, a tri-mast square rigged ship under way before a fair breeze with after top-sail furled, commission pennant atop the foremast, National Ensign atop the main, and the commodore's flag atop the mizzen. In front of the ship a luce-type anchor inclined slightly bendwise with the crown resting on the land and, in front of the shank and in back of the dexter fluke, an American bald eagle rising to sinister regarding to dexter, one foot on the ground, the other resting on the anchor near the shank; all in proper colors. The whole within a blue annulet bearing the inscription "Department of the Navy" at the top and "United States of America" at the bottom, separated on each side by a mullet and within a rim in the form of a rope; inscription, rope, mullet, and edges of annulet all gold. *Background: The policy for use of the Navy seal and emblem is contained in SECNAV Instr 5030.4 and SECNAV Instr 5030.6. The seal design was approved by the President of the United States by Executive Order 10736 dated October 23, 1957. Request for use of the Navy emblem should be submitted in writing to Defense Printing Service, ATTN: DPSMO, 8725 John Kingman Rd Suite 3239, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060-6220. The telephone number is (703) 767-4218. 1879 version here: http://etc.usf.edu/clipart/54900/54985/54985_seal_navy.htm
*Description: On a circular background of fair sky and moderate sea with land in sinister base, a tri-mast square rigged ship under way before a fair breeze with after top-sail furled, commission pennant atop the foremast, National Ensign atop the main, and the commodore's flag atop the mizzen. In front of the ship a luce-type anchor inclined slightly bendwise with the crown resting on the land and, in front of the shank and in back of the dexter fluke, an American bald eagle rising to sinister regarding to dexter, one foot on the ground, the other resting on the anchor near the shank; all in proper colors. The whole within a blue annulet bearing the inscription "Department of the Navy" at the top and "United States of America" at the bottom, separated on each side by a mullet and within a rim in the form of a rope; inscription, rope, mullet, and edges of annulet all gold. *Background: The policy for use of the Navy seal and emblem is contained in SECNAV Instr 5030.4 and SECNAV Instr 5030.6. The seal design was approved by the President of the United States by Executive Order 10736 dated October 23, 1957. Request for use of the Navy emblem should be submitted in writing to Defense Printing Service, ATTN: DPSMO, 8725 John Kingman Rd Suite 3239, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060-6220. The telephone number is (703) 767-4218. 1879 version here: http://etc.usf.edu/clipart/54900/54985/54985_seal_navy.htm
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Baretka belgijskiego Krzyża Wojennego (Croix de Guerre) z lat 1940-1945
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Flag of the United States Chief of Naval Operations.svg
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Ribbon for the American Defense Service Medal awarded by the United States Department of Defense.
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Naramiennik stopnia Fleet Admiral (United States Navy).
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