Hymn Stanów Zjednoczonych Ameryki
| |||
Sztandar z piętnastoma gwiazdami i pasami, będący inspiracją | |||
Państwo | Stany Zjednoczone | ||
---|---|---|---|
Tekst | Francis Scott Key, 1814 | ||
Muzyka | John Stafford Smith, 1780 | ||
Lata obowiązywania | 1931– | ||
|
The Star-Spangled Banner (z ang. „Gwieździsty Sztandar”) – hymn państwowy Stanów Zjednoczonych. Tekst do melodii Johna Stafforda Smitha z 1780 roku napisał Francis Scott Key.
Oficjalnym hymnem w XIX wieku był hymn brytyjski God Save the Queen, lecz z tekstem My Country, ’Tis of Thee. Pieśń The Star-Spangled Banner jako oficjalny hymn państwowy została zatwierdzona przez Kongres Stanów Zjednoczonych 3 marca 1931 roku. Powstała prawie sto dwadzieścia lat wcześniej, w 1814 roku, w czasie bombardowania przez Anglików Fortu McHenry w Baltimore, w końcowym okresie wojny brytyjsko-amerykańskiej (Anglicy użyli między innymi rakiet).
Mediator strony amerykańskiej, prawnik Francis Scott Key, został zatrzymany podczas próby negocjacji na okręcie angielskim HMS Minden, skąd ostatecznie obserwował ostrzał Baltimore. Na skrawku papieru zapisał fragment tekstu: Oh, say, can you see.... Ostatecznie Anglicy wycofali się, a baltimorczycy, świętujący zwycięstwo, zaczęli śpiewać wiersz Keya do znanej melodii Smitha To Anacreon In Heaven, pochodzącej z Wysp Brytyjskich i dedykowanej tamtejszemu Londyńskiemu Towarzystwu Anakreona.
Tekst
|
|
Posłuchaj
- W przypadku problemów z odtwarzaniem zobacz instrukcję obsługi
The Star-Spangled Banner (1915) | |
The Star-Spangled Banner (1942) | |
The Star-Spangled Banner (1953) | |
Zobacz też
Media użyte na tej stronie
The flag of Navassa Island is simply the United States flag. It does not have a "local" flag or "unofficial" flag; it is an uninhabited island. The version with a profile view was based on Flags of the World and as a fictional design has no status warranting a place on any Wiki. It was made up by a random person with no connection to the island, it has never flown on the island, and it has never received any sort of recognition or validation by any authority. The person quoted on that page has no authority to bestow a flag, "unofficial" or otherwise, on the island.
The national anthem of the United States, originally the music of "Anacreon", as performed instrumentally by the United States Navy Band in the 1990s. Featured on the 1990s album Music For Honors and Ceremonies.
U.S. national anthem as sung by Fred Waring and His Pennsylvanians. 1942.
The Star-Spangled Banner (the American national anthem) being performed in 1915 by Margaret Woodrow Wilson, daughter of American President Woodrow Wilson. This recording was made as a souvenir for the Panama Pacific International Exposition and part of its profits were given to the American Red Cross.
The record plate is Columbia Records number 1685 (39764). Originally manufactured by Columbia Graphophone Company.Digital reproduction of the Star Spangled Banner Flag, the 15-star and 15-stripe U.S. garrison flag which flew over Fort McHenry following the Battle of Baltimore in the War of 1812. Seeing the flag during the battle, and again the following morning, inspired Francis Scott Key's song The Star-Spangled Banner, now the U.S. national anthem. During the battle a smaller "storm flag" was flown; it was replaced by this larger flag early the next morning, which is the flag Key saw then. This larger flag is now displayed at the National Museum of American History in Washington, D.C. For several decades it remained in the family of Fort McHenry's commanding officer, before being given to the Smithsonian in 1912. The family cut pieces out of the flag from time to time as gifts.
The original flag was 42 feet long and 30 feet high, with each stripe being about two feet, and the stars being about two feet in diameter. It was made by Mary Young Pickersgill and her assistants. More info on the original dimensions here. The stars seem to mostly point to the side, except for one (the bottom right) which points down. One star has been cut out of the actual flag, so I'm guessing that originally pointed to the side as well (Fort McHenry flies a flag (File:Ft mchenry 15starflag.jpg) with a similar star pattern, but it looks like they are all to the side, and the other dimensions look similar to a modern flag). I guesstimated other dimensions and star positions based on File:Star-Spangled-Banner-1908-1919.jpg; the union (blue area) looks to be about 19 feet wide. The star rows look to be evenly distributed; i.e. the distance between the top/bottom edges and the center of a star row looks to be about the same as the distance between two (centers of) rows. Not so left-to-right; they are pretty close to the right edge and even closer to the hoist side. Also available here, page 12.Title: Movietone News: "The Star-Spangled Banner" (Version II) (ca. 1944)
Sumary: Patriotic montage of scenes accompanying performance of U.S. national anthem as sung by Merrill Miller.
Audio/Visual: Sd, B&W
Keywords: Patriotism; National anthems: U.S.; NewsreelsOne of two surviving copies of the 1814 broadside printing of the Defense of Fort McHenry, a poem that later became the national anthem of the United States.