Mucoromycotina
_(14804042933).jpg) Foundations of botany (1901) (14804042933).jpg | |
| Systematyka[1] | |
| Domena | |
|---|---|
| Supergrupa | |
| Królestwo | |
| Podtyp | Mucoromycotina |
| Nazwa systematyczna | |
| Mucoromycotina Benny D. Hibbett et al. A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi, Mycological Research, 5 (111), 2007 | |
| Typ nomenklatoryczny | |
Mucoromycotina Benny – podtyp (podgromada) grzybów wyróżniany w niektórych współczesnych systemach taksonomicznych. Formalnie opisany w systemie Hibbetta i in. przez Geralda Benny'ego[1]. Typem nomenklatorycznym jest rodzaj pleśniak (Mucor Fresen.)
Charakterystyka
Najczęściej saprotroficzne, czasem fakultatywnie pasożytujące na innych grzybach (nie wytwarzając ssawek), rzadko wchodzące w ektomikoryzę. Rozgałęziona grzybnia. Młode strzępki wielojądrzaste, czasem dojrzewając tworzą porowate przegrody. Rozmnażanie bezpłciowe przez zarodniki zebrane w zarodniach różnego typu (sporangiolach, merosporangiach) lub rzadko przez chlamydospory, artrospory lub blastospory. Rozmnażanie płciowe z wytwarzaniem zygospor[1].
Systematyka
Podtyp Mucoromycotina zawiera na następujące rzędy[1]:
- Mucorales Fr. (1832)
- Endogonales F. Moreau ex R. K. Benj. (1979)
- Mortierellales Caval.-Sm. (1998)
Grzyby z tej grupy tradycyjnie włączane były do sprzężniaków (Zygomycota). W systemie Hibbetta i in. takson Zygomycota nie jest wyróżniany, gdyż pewne cechy sugerują jego monofiletyzm, podczas gdy pozostałe mu przeczą, a pokrewieństwo jego przedstawicieli jest niedostatecznie poznane. Mucoromycotina w tym systemie mają status podtypu (subphyllum) incertae sedis, przy czym rozważane jest ponowne uznanie typu Zygomycota[1].
Przypisy
Bibliografia
- David S. Hibbett i in. A higher level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi. „Mycological Research”, s. 509–47, 2007. DOI: 10.1016/j.mycres.2007.03.004.
- Tree of Life
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Identifier: foundationsofbot00berg (find matches)
Title: Foundations of botany
Year: 1901 (1900s)
Authors: Bergen, Joseph Y. (Joseph Young), 1851-1917 Bergen, Joseph Y. (Joseph Young), 1851-1917. Bergen's Botany: key and flora, Northern and Central States ed. 1901
Subjects: Plants
Publisher: Boston : Ginn
Contributing Library: The LuEsther T Mertz Library, the New York Botanical Garden
Digitizing Sponsor: The LuEsther T Mertz Library, the New York Botanical Garden
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the bread is covered. The threads are known as hyphce, the entirenetwork is called the mycelium. (h) The delicate threads which rise at intervals from the myce-lium and are terminated by small globular objects. These littlespheres are spore-cases. Compare some of the spore-cases witheach other and notice what change of color marks their coming tomaturity. 308. Examination with the Microscope. — Sketch a portion of theuntouched surface of the mould as seen (opaque) with a two-inch,objective, then compare with Fig. 189.. 258 FOUNDATIONS OF BOTANY Wet a bit of the mould, first with alcohol, then with water.Examine in water with the half-inch objective, and sketch a little ofthe mycelium, some of the spore-cases, and the thread-like stalks onwhich they are borne. Are these stalks and the mycelium filamentssolid or tubular ? Are they one-celled or several-celled ? Mount some of the mature spore-cases in water, examine themwith the highest obtainable power, and sketch the escaping spores.
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Fig. 189. — Unicellular Mycelium of a Mould (Mucor Mucedo), sprung from a Single Spore. a, b, andc, branches for the production of spore-cases, showing various stages ofmaturity. (Considerably magnified.) Sow some of these spores on the surface of hay-tea, made byboiling a handful of hay in just water enough to cover it and thenstraining through cloth or filtering through a paper filter. Afterfrom thiee to six hours examine a drop from the surface of theliquid with a medium power of the microscope (half-inch objective)to see how the development of hyphae from the spores begins.Sketch. TYPES OF CRYPTOGAMS; THALLOPHYTES 259 After about twenty-four hours examine another portion of themould from the surface of the liquid and study the more fullydeveloped mycelium. Sketch.309. Zygospores.—Besidesthe spores just studied, zygo-spores are formed by conju-gation of the hyphse of theblack moulds. It is not veryeasy to find these in processof formation, but the studentmay be able to gather f
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