Staw przed Mauzoleum Lincolna
Staw przed Mauzoleum Lincolna (ang. Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool) – największa z waszyngtońskich sadzawek lustrzanych (ang. reflecting pools), znajdująca się w National Mall.
Powstała według projektu Henry'ego Bacona w latach 1922–1923, tuż po wzniesieniu Mauzoleum Abrahama Lincolna[1].
Lokalizacja i rozmiary
Staw ten znajduje się na wschód od Mauzoleum Abrahama Lincolna, na osi z pomnikiem Waszyngtona i budynkiem Kapitolu. Od wschodu zamyka go pomnik II wojny światowej[2]. Według oficjalnych danych, gości każdego roku miliony turystów, którzy odwiedzają przy okazji National Mall[3]. Ze wszystkich stron okalają go alejki spacerowe. W lustrze wody sadzawki odbijają się zarówno pomnik Lincolna, jak i pomnik Waszyngtona.
Stanowi część Ogrodów Konstytucyjnych (ang. Constitution Gardens). Jej długość wynosi ok. 618 m, szerokość 51 m, głębokość 46 cm na bokach i 76 cm w środku basenu. Wypełniona sadzawka mieści 25 551 m3 wody[4][5].
Po renowacji nastąpiła zmiana systemu napełniania sadzawki wodą. Zamiast z wodociągów miejskich jest czerpana z Potomaku[3].
Historia
Brzegi sadzawki i schody prowadzące do Mauzoleum Lincolna były miejscem ważnych wydarzeń w historii stolicy Stanów Zjednoczonych.
W 1939 władze zabroniły występu czarnoskórej amerykańskiej piosenkarce Marian Anderson w znanej sali koncertowej w Waszyngtonie – Constitution Hall. Artystka wystąpiła na schodach pomnika Lincolna. Jej występ zgromadził 75 000 osób[6].
W 1963 na tych samych schodach pastor Martin Luther King wygłosił swą mowę I Have a Dream podczas Marszu na Waszyngton[7].
W 2009 przed Mauzoleum Lincolna miała miejsce uroczystość związana z rozpoczęciem urzędowania prezydenta Baracka Obamy. Wokół sadzawki zgromadzić się miało wówczas ok. 400 tys. obywateli[8].
Przypisy
- ↑ Renewing American Democracy On The 3rd Century Mall - A Vision for the National Mall (ang.). www.savethemall.org. [dostęp 2010-04-23].
- ↑ Jules Brown: The Rough Guide to Washington DC. Wyd. 3. New York: Rough Guides Ltd, 2002, s. 55. ISBN 1-85828-884-3.
- ↑ a b Alana Goodman: Reflecting Pool to close for up to 2 years (ang.). www.washingtonexaminer.com, 2010-04-02. [dostęp 2010-04-23].
- ↑ Reflecting Pool (ang.). www.visitingdc.com. [dostęp 2010-04-23].
- ↑ Barbara M. Linde: Building Washington, D.C: Measuring the Area of Rectangular Spaces (Powermath). New York: PowerKids Press, 2004, s. 27. ISBN 0-8239-8980-1.
- ↑ Allan Keiler: Marian Anderson: a singer's journey. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2002, s. 208-214. ISBN 0-252-07067-4.
- ↑ Ian O'Leary: Washington, DC (Eyewitness Travel Guides). Londyn: Dorling Kindersley Publishers Ltd, s. 95. ISBN 1-4053-1097-9.
- ↑ Steve Hendrix: Jamming on the Mall for Obama (ang.). www.washingtonpost.com, 2009-01-20. [dostęp 2010-04-23].
Media użyte na tej stronie
Autor: Ad Meskens, Licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0
Part of the National Mall with World War II Memorial, reflectihg pool and Lincoln Memorial.
The Lincoln Memorial is a United States Presidential memorial built to honor the 16th President of the United States, Abraham Lincoln.
The Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool is the largest of Washington, D.C.'s reflecting pools. Located directly east of the Lincoln Memorial, it is a long, rectangular pool visible in many photographs of the Washington Monument. It is lined by walking paths and shade trees on both sides. It reflects both the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial.
The U.S. National World War II Memorial is a National Memorial dedicated to Americans who served in the armed forces and as civilians during World War II.
The final design consists of 56 pillars, each 5 m tall, arranged in a semicircle around a plaza with two 13 m arches on opposite sides. Two-thirds of the 7.4-acre (30,000 m2) site is landscaping and water. Each pillar is inscribed with the name of one of the 48 U.S. states of 1945, as well as the District of Columbia, the Alaska Territory and Territory of Hawaii, the Commonwealth of the Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. The northern arch is inscribed with "Atlantic"; the southern one, "Pacific."Autor: Hu Totya, Licencja: CC BY-SA 4.0
Reflecting pool, from the Lincoln memorial
Autor: AgnosticPreachersKid, Licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0
Duck with young at the Reflecting Pool in Washington, D.C.
Crowds surrounding the Reflecting Pool, during the 1963 March on Washington. Photograph shows a crowd of African Americans and whites surrounding the Reflecting Pool and continuing to the Washington Monument.
View of the crowd at 1963 Civil Rights March on Washington, D.C. A wide-angle view of marchers along the mall, showing the Reflecting Pool and the Washington Monument.
View looking west from the top of the Washington Monument towards the Lincoln Memorial and the Reflecting Pool.
Image ID: geod0518, NOAA's Geodesy Collection
Source: NOAA: Restrictions for Using NOAA Images: Most NOAA photos and slides are in the public domain and CANNOT be copyrighted. Although at present, no fee is charged for using the photos credit MUST be given to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Department of Commerce unless otherwise instructed to give credit to the photographer or other source.
High-Res image for download at the site.Autor: Ad Meskens, Licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0
Lincoln Memorial and reflecting pool.
The Lincoln Memorial is a United States Presidential memorial built to honor the 16th President of the United States, Abraham Lincoln. It is located on the National Mall in Washington, D.C.
The Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool is the largest of Washington, D.C.'s reflecting pools. Located directly east of the Lincoln Memorial, it is a long, rectangular pool visible in many photographs of the Washington Monument. It is lined by walking paths and shade trees on both sides. It reflects both the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial.Autor: AgnosticPreachersKid, Licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0
A duck walks along the edge of a waterfall at the National World War II Memorial in Washington, D.C.'s West Potomac Park. The Reflecting Pool and Lincoln Memorial, also in West Potomac Park, are visible in the background.
Autor: Ad Meskens, Licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0
Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool with National WWII Memorial, Washington Monument and the Capitol in the background.
(c) FishSpeaker, CC BY 3.0
Lincoln Memorial and a Drained Reflection Pool
Autor: Alma mater, Licencja: CC BY 2.5
Reflecting Pool in front of the Lincoln Memorial, Washington D.C., United States. Taken by User:Alma mater, March 27, 2006. With GFDL lisence allows anyone to use this picture for any purposes.
Autor: Ad Meskens, Licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0
Reflecting pool with National WWII Memorial, Washington Monument and the Capitol in the background.
Autor: Ad Meskens, Licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0
Part of the National Mall with World War II Memorial, reflectihg pool and Lincoln Memorial.
The Lincoln Memorial is a United States Presidential memorial built to honor the 16th President of the United States, Abraham Lincoln. The Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool is the largest of Washington, D.C.'s reflecting pools. Located directly east of the Lincoln Memorial, it is a long, rectangular pool visible in many photographs of the Washington Monument. It is lined by walking paths and shade trees on both sides. It reflects both the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial. The U.S. National World War II Memorial is a National Memorial dedicated to Americans who served in the armed forces and as civilians during World War II.
The final design consists of 56 pillars, each 5 m tall, arranged in a semicircle around a plaza with two 13 m arches on opposite sides. Two-thirds of the 7.4-acre (30,000 m2) site is landscaping and water. Each pillar is inscribed with the name of one of the 48 U.S. states of 1945, as well as the District of Columbia, the Alaska Territory and Territory of Hawaii, the Commonwealth of the Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. The northern arch is inscribed with "Atlantic"; the southern one, "Pacific."Autor: Josh Carolina from Washington, D.C., USA, Licencja: CC BY 2.0
Looking east towards the Washington Monument, National World War 2 Memorial, Capitol Hill, and Smithsonian Castle. The Reflecting Pool is in the foreground. Picture taken from the Lincoln Memorial.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Monument