Teleskop Ritcheya-Chrétiena

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Pierwszy teleskop George’a Ritcheya (60 cm) w Chabot Space and Science Center
Schemat teleskopu Ritcheya–Chrétiena

Teleskop Ritcheya–Chrétiena (RCT) – rodzaj teleskopu Cassegraina, w którym zarówno zwierciadło główne jak i wtórne mają kształt hiperboloidalny.

Jego nazwa pochodzi od nazwisk dwóch astronomów: Amerykanina George’a W. Ritcheya i Francuza Henriego Chrétiena. Ritchey skonstruował swój pierwszy teleskop (o średnicy 60 cm) w 1927 roku. Drugi z jego teleskopów, o średnicy 102 cm, zbudowany dla United States Naval Observatory, jest do dziś używany przez United States Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station.

Teleskop Ritcheya–Chrétiena jest najczęściej wykorzystywaną konfiguracją wśród wydajnych profesjonalnych teleskopów.

Przykłady teleskopów Ritcheya–Chrétiena


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RitcheyTelescope.jpg
Ritchey 24" reflective telescope

This picture was taken in July 2004 from an exhibition at Chabot Space & Science Center in Oakland, California.

The caption of the exhibit said:

Ritchey 24-inch Reflecting Telescope
By George W. Ritchey, American Telescope Maker
On loan from Smithsonian Institution
George Willis Ritchey (1864-1945) was the builder of the first successful large American reflecting telescopes. A telescope designer who perfected the methods for making astronomical mirrors and a master at celestial photography, George Ritchey worked closely with George Ellery Hale, the phenomenal fund-raiser and organizer of observatories. Mount Wilson Observatory with its 60-inch and 100-inch reflector telescopes stands today as a monument ot their collaboration.

The first important telescope built by George Ritchey (at Yerkes Observatiory in Wisconsin) was the 24-inch reflector you see here. He made the primary mirror (an f/4 paraboloid) in his shop and Francis G. Pease worked on the cassegrain secondary mirror. Ritchey later photographed many nebulae with this telescope. The pictures were the first opportunity astronomers had to see the true forms and complicated structure of nebulae like the Orion Nebula. But more importantly, the photographs convinced astronomers that reflectors would be the large telescopes on which future research would be based. This 24-inch telescope's mirror became the prototype for the 60-inch and 100-inch mirrors that Ritchey would later make for the Mount Wilson Observatory near Pasadena, California.

The telescope is on a German equatorial mount. The mirror is silvered glass 23.5 inches wide by 2 and 5/8 inches thick. The bottom of the mirror is supported at three pointes and at the edge. The skeleton tube, 7 feet long, held the secondary mirror and photographic accessories. The eyepiece position has an elaborate stage (brass) with a 2 and 1/8 inch threaded opening. The entire stage can be rotated as well as moved precisedly in either axis.

The holder is designed for use with a photographic plate. The drive mechanism (in the .... <the rest of the text were hidden from view>

Diagram Reflector RitcheyChretien.svg
Autor: HHahn, Licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0
Diagram of Ritchey-Chrétien reflector
M1 = primary mirror (hyperboloid); M2 = secondary mirror (convex hyperboloid); F = focus