Edison light bulb with plate
It consists of an Edison incandescent light bulb, an evacuated glass bulb with a hairpin shaped bamboo carbon filament, with an additional platinum plate (visible between the arms of the filament) attached to wires emerging from the base of the bulb. A current through the filament heated it white-hot. Edison discovered that the hot filament emitted negatively-charged particles (later descovered to be electrons) an effect that was called the Edison effect. He demonstrated this by applying a separate voltage between the filament and plate. When the plate had a positive voltage, the electrons were attracted to it and a current flowed through the tube from filament to plate. When the plate had a negative voltage, the electrons were repelled so no current flowed through the tube. Edison found no practical use for this effect, but in 1904 John Ambrose Fleming invented a similar tube called the Fleming valve which was used to rectify radio signals in the first radio receivers, which evolved into the diode vacuum tube.
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